1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

University (of Barisal) - 孟加拉国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

（现场）数据是什么时候汇编的？:

07/04/2017

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The aim of this technology is to use the waterlogged soils, which remain under water during 6 to 7 months of a year, for vegetable seedlings. This is done through floating seed beds which are made of water hyacinths.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Floating agriculture is a special technique to cultivate vegetables and vegetable seedlings such as Pumpkin, Bean, Brinjal, Cucumber, Tomato, Papaya, Green Chili etc. on waterlogged soils. This is done by using floating seed beds, which are made of water hyacinths and other aquatic plants such as Dulalilata (Hygroryza aristata) Tepapana (Pistia stratiotes) and Khudepana (Lemna spirodela).

Paddy cultivation is usually done from October to April. After the paddy harvest, the lands usually remain waterlogged under 7 to 8 feet of water from May to November. With the onset of the rainy season, these regions are covered with water hyacinths and other aquatic plants etc. Normal agricultural production during this period is not possible due to this waterlogged condition and the growing water hyacinths, Dulalilata, Tepapana etc.

However, floating agriculture enables farmers to use this land in the best productive way. Floating agriculture is started by collecting water plants (Hyacinth, Dulalilata, Tepapana) for preparing floating seedbeds using these plants. This is because the vegetable seeds cannot be sown traditionally into the soil. Hence, a nutritious soft ball is prepared by using Tepapana and Khudepana which is called dowla. A small amount of urea fertilizer is put into each dowla. Thereafter, different types of vegetable seeds are sown / placed, in wet condition, into the dowlas. The dowlas so prepared are kept in an open place for drying / sprouting for 3 to 7 days. Thereafter, the dowlas are placed on the floating seedbed, which have been already made, where each Dowla is placed respecting 6 inches of distance in a bed. In such manner and about 2,450 dowlas can be placed in each seedbed. After taking proper care for one month including irrigation every day to prevent root dry up and fertilisation using a little amount urea fertilizer the sprouting seedlings are getting matured and ready for sale.

The establishment costs for a floating seedbed of 150 -180 feet long is between 3000 to 5500 taka. To make such a floating seedbed, a person must work 6 to 8 or 10 hours on a wage of 250 taka per workday. Nearly 25000 thousand women workers of these regions are directly or indirectly involved in this production. Each worker earns 200 to 250 taka per day. On an average, women can prepare between 1000 to 2000 dowlas per day. In this work, a female worker gets an average of 150 to 200 taka per day. A farmer earns 6-7 thousand taka through one time use of bed by selling seedlings within 20-22 days. The seedbeds can be used at least 3 times for seedling production in a season (May to November). So, it is possible to earn 18000 -20000 taka per bed in a season.

After that, the floating beds can be used again for growing vegetables, thus they are able to grow about ten thousand metric tons of vegetables annually in these regions that meets the local demand. Some vegetables are also sent to other regions /communities, achieving a very beneficial profit. It is possible to earn about 2-3 thousand taka by selling vegetables. After completing all these seedlings and vegetables growing processes seedbeds can be sold for between 1-2 thousand taka to other farmers. Therefore, it is possible to earn 20000-250000 taka per bed in a season including all other sources of income, which are mentioned above.

Storm and other climatic hazards cannot do much harm to this cultivation method. Besides, it is possible to produce vegetables throughout the year.
Using this technology allows people of waterlogged regions to turn their wheel of fortune by cultivating vegetables/vegetable seedlings, hence being able to overcome poverty up to 70%.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

• 湿地保护/管理

3.5 技术传播

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

注释:

This technology is applicable for some specific regions (Banaripara, Agailjhara Ujirpur, Pirojpur’s Nazirpur and Swarupkathi Upazila), as they remain waterlogged from May to October.

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 不适用

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Seed bed and construction material:
-Dimensions: 150 to 180 feet long, 5-6 feet width and thickness 2 to 3 ft.
-Horizontal spacing between structures or plants / vegetative measures (dowlas) : 2-3 inches
-Vertical intervals between structures or vegetative measures: 6 inches
The seedbed consists of floating carpets of water hyacinth, dulalilata (Hygroryza aristata), tepapana (Pistia stratiotes) and other aquatic plants.

Dowla and construction material:
Dowlas are constructed by using tepapana (Pistia stratiotes) and khudepana (Lemna spirodela) water plants that are rolled into a soft ball. The density of dowlas within a seedbed is 2450 seedlings.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Taka

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

82.7344

4.4 技术建立活动

	活动	措施类型	时间
1.	Dowla	农业学的	May to November
2.	Seed bed	农业学的	May to November
3.	Planting of dowlas into seedbeds	农业学的	May to November

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Seedbed of 150 to 180 feet long	labour/per bed	3.0	250.0	750.0	100.0
劳动力	Dowla	labour/2450 dowla	2.0	200.0	400.0	100.0
植物材料	Seed (e.g. pumpkin)	kg	2.0	400.0	800.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Urea	kg	1.0	16.0	16.0	100.0
施工材料	Water hyacinth	ton	5.0	200.0	1000.0	100.0
施工材料	Dulalilata (Hygroryza aristata)	ton	2.0	500.0	1000.0	100.0
施工材料	Tepapana (Pistia stratiotes)	ton	3.0	333.0	999.0	100.0
施工材料	Khudepana (Lemna spirodela)	ton	0.5	1000.0	500.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					5465.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动

	活动	措施类型	时间/频率
1.	Watch and ward	管理	May to November

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Watch and ward	per bed	2.0	200.0	400.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					400.0

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Labor cost, price of seed and price of urea fertilizer, Dulalilata (Hygroryza aristata), Tepapana (Pistia stratiotes) and Khudepana (Lemna spirodela)

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Waterlogged condition promote the excessive growth of water hyacinths thus causing water pollution

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 租赁

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	气候变化/极端天气的类型	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	不好
局地风暴	不好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 大于 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发地采用该技术，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 90-100%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Early production of seedling of vegetables
Increase vegetables supply in waterlogged area
Highly resistant to pest
Crops require shorter time to mature when cultivated in floating platforms
Require very less amount of fertilizer and pesticide

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Prime nutrient elements such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are available in water hyacinth and other aquatic plant so no need to supplement for plant growth
It is the best utilization of water-logged land
After harvesting of vegetables the seedbeds gradually start to decompose which, are an immense source of organic matter. Thus the soil quality is improved.
It improves the socio-economic conditions of the farmers of the water-logged area
Eco friendly
It is the best use of water hyacinths which otherwise cause water pollution and destroy the aquatic ecosystem

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Shortage of financial supports	Need more financial help to execute this technique from different organizations
Farmers get difficulties to get loan	Ensure easy loan facilities with less interest
Sometimes seed and fertilizer price goes so high that farmers couldn't afford buying	So, in this perspective they need free marketing of seed and fertilizer
Lack of quality seeds	Ensure quality seeds by establishing Bangladesh Agricultural DC seed sell center in the area
Improved Governmental and Non governmental agricultural organizations involvement	Governmental and Non governmental agricultural organization should come forward in this perspective for providing additional help to the farmers

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of expert persons	Need more expert persons to spread the skill about this technique among the farmers
Lack of knowledge in use of water hyacinth	Spread the knowledge about beneficial used of water hyacinth
Fraud market	Minimize the violence of intermediate fraud market as for this farmers are deprived of their attainable price

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Floating Garden Practices

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/asia-and-the-pacific/floating-garden-agricultural-practices/detailed-information/en/

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Floating Bed Cultivation and Gardening in Bangladesh

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.ideassonline.org/public/pdf/FloatingGardensBangladesh-ENG.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Floating vegetable farming boon for marginal farmers; S Dilip Roy; Daily Star; 2012

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-217543

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Floating agricultural systems

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://www.ctc-n.org/sites/www.ctc-n.org/files/resources/floating_agricultural_systems.pdf

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Floating Garden Agricultural Practices

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

http://www.fao.org/giahs/giahsaroundtheworld/designated-sites/asia-and-the-pacific/floating-garden-agricultural-practices/detailed-information/en/