1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The Al Yakloum pond collects runoff from a local catchment and water is led through a channel system alongside a farm road. Sandy particles are captured in a sediment trap before runoff enters the pond. The pond provides water to approximately 5 ha of orchard - which is irrigated through a precision system.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The Al Yakloum Pond is located in a public area within the municipality of Mrusti (Mount Lebanon). Runoff water is collected from a natural catchment and is led to the pond through a channel that runs alongside a farm road. The catchment area is mostly unproductive private land, and extends to approximately 2 ha in total. Sediment is an issue in the catchment due to the fine sandy outcrops. Sandy particles are thus carried in the runoff – and require settling out in a sediment trap to limit the turbidity of water in the pond. Thus runoff first enters a stilling basin (a sediment trap) where the suspended solids are deposited: runoff is then transferred through a pipe leading to the pond.
The pond's volume is around 7500 m3, and it is used to irrigate an orchard of about 5 ha in size, which is planted to apples, cherries and olives. A precision smart irrigation system is used for water application. The system includes IoT sensors that provide real time information about soil humidity and weather conditions that allow to automatize the valve opening depending on the plant needs thus optimizing the water consumptions. The volume of water collected is not enough to fulfil all the theoretical water requirements of the orchard crops, therefore the irrigation is merely supplementary to rainfall, and its impact on production is limited. However, the alternative water resource in the area is groundwater. This is high cost and has negative environmental impacts. Therefore the runoff pond technology is preferable for the sustainability of agriculture in the area. If the efficiency of runoff water collection and its application can be improved, then pump withdrawal requirements from groundwater sources decrease and this will optimize the efficiency of irrigation.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

黎巴嫩

区域/州/省:

Mount Lebanon

有关地点的进一步说明:

Municipality of Mrusti

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

是

如果是，请具体说明:

Shouf Biosphere Reserve (SBR) - Buffer Zone

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2002

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Traditionally the land users used to collect water from springs trough small basins. Following the increase of water demand in the area, in 2002 the pond was built trough an external project. In 2022 the pond was restored and connected to the precision smart irrigation system promoted by the project "Saving Water Growing Crops" implemented by "Istituto OIKOS" in partnership with "Al Shouf Cedar Society", " University of Trento" and "Association for Conservation and Environment" and funded by the European Union.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 结合其他技术保护流域/下游区域
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

农田

• 一年一作

• orchards (apples, cherries, olives ...) vegetables (tomatoes, onions, cucumber...)

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

采用间作制度了吗？:

是

如果是，说明哪些作物是间作的:

Mixed production of vegetables and orchards

采用轮作制度了吗？:

否

水道、水体、湿地

• 池塘、大坝

不毛之地

具体说明:

Unproductive area used as catchment area of approximately 2ha

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 集水
• 灌溉管理（包括供水、排水）
• 引水和排水

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

结构措施

• S5：大坝、集水斗、水池

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

水质恶化

• Hs：地表水良变化
• Hg：地下水/含水层水位的变化

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Maximum depth 8 m, Area approximately 35 m x 60 m, bank slope approx 35°

4.3 技术建立活动

注释:

The original cost of the implementation of the structure are unknown. The aforementioned activities refer to the rehabilitation of the pond held among the project "Saving Water Growing Crops" in 2022.

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Project "Saving Water Growing Crops" the full costs of rehabilitation

注释:

The original cost of the implementation of the structure are unknown. The aforementioned activities refer to the rehabilitation of the pond implemented among the project "Saving Water Growing Crops" in 2022.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 凹陷情况

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

In the buffer zone of the SBR national park

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 团体

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

Related to the specific Municipality of Mrusti

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

生态影响

水循环/径流

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• > 50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Referred to the study area connected to the pond

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Rehabilitating the pond to collect more runoff water, which may increase due to rain intensifications due to climate change

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Master thesis - Nicola D'Alberton

URL:

https://abouthydrology.blogspot.com/2021/04/saving-water-growing-crops-ms-thesis-by.html