1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A Diversified Cropping System (DCS) results in a more resilient and productive cropping system. In this case, chickpeas were introduced as a relay intercrop between established lines of lentils. This not only had no negative effect on lentil yields, but also enabled the harvest of an extra crop: chickpeas.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In the semi-arid regions of Morocco, agricultural production varies from year to year, but yields are generally declining because of climate change. Climate change is leading to more irregular rainfall and frequent extreme weather events. Wherever possible, there is a need to intensify agricultural systems to ensure food security while simultaneously increasing resilience.
Cultivating lentils (Lens culinaris) as a sole crop is common practice in rural Morocco. To intensify this cropping system, the International Centre for Agricultural Research Dry Areas (ICARDA) introduced chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) as a relay intercrop into the common lentil production system. Because chickpeas are planted within an already growing crop of lentils, this form of intercropping is termed "relay planting". Importantly, chickpeas do not affect the yields of lentils (0.837 + 0.19 t ha-1 yield in sole vs. 0.808 + 0.159 t ha-1 in intercrop) because they do not significantly compete for water and nutrients. With two crops harvested from the same piece of land, overall farm profits increase. Furthermore, this creates a more resilient production system because the farmer is not dependent on a single crop. Additionally, including chickpeas as a relay-intercrop extends the cropping season and prolongs the period where the soil is covered, consequently protecting it from degradation. An added advantage is that both chickpeas and lentils are leguminous, nitrogen-fixing crops that can improve soil fertility. Also, both crops have high cultural and culinary value locally. However, the technology has potential drawbacks as in years of extreme droughts, chickpeas require supplementary irrigation, especially during establishment. This is often unavailable to local farmers and may result in poor crop establishment and low yields.
In 2020-2022, ICARDA tested this Diversified Cropping System (DCS) on a trial field of half a hectare, in an area with average annual precipitation of 390 mm (based on 40 years of data). The system is implemented as follows. First, the field is prepared by ploughing. In December, lentils are mechanically seeded. Two rows of lentils are planted 15 cm apart. The spacing between each two-row pair is roughly 90 cm. Compound fertilizer is applied during seeding. In January, an herbicide is sprayed to control grassy weeds. The field is mechanically weeded twice, in mid-January and then again in February. Chickpeas are sown at the end of February also in paired lines (two rows 20 cm apart) also with compound fertilizer. Each pair of chickpea lines is planted between pairs of lentils. In March, the plots are manually weeded, and in April, the lentils are manually harvested and mechanically threshed. A single spray of insecticide is applied in April-May. Finally, in June, the chickpeas are mechanically harvested and have an average yield of 1.1 + 0.146 t ha-1.
This documentation illustrates an ICARDA innovation that is accessible since there are no establishment events and costs. This Diversified Cropping System improves a traditional system by introducing an additional crop, resulting in higher farm income and resilience to variable weather.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

摩洛哥

区域/州/省:

Khémisset Province

有关地点的进一步说明:

Merchouch

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

否

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2021

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

农田

• 一年一作

年作 - 具体指明作物:

• legumes and pulses - lentils

• chickpeas

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

采用间作制度了吗？:

是

如果是，说明哪些作物是间作的:

Chickpeas

采用轮作制度了吗？:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

注释:

By default, it is rainfed, unless there are droughts, in which case supplementary irrigation is introduced.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

农艺措施

• A1：植被和土壤覆盖层

管理措施

• M2：改变管理/强度级别
• M4：活动时间安排的重大变化

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

• Wt：表土流失/地表侵蚀

土壤风蚀

• Et：表土流失

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

The symbols correspond to the following technical specifications:

A: Spacing between a row of lentil and a row of chickpea= 35 centimetres
B: Spacing between two rows of lentil in the same pair = 15 centimetres
C: Spacing between two rows of chickpea in the same pair = 20 centimetres
D: Spacing between two rows of lentil bordering a pair of chickpea= 90 - 95 centimetres

作者:

Fatma Rekik

日期:

05/09/2022

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Moroccan Dirham

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

10.63

4.3 技术建立活动

注释:

Chickepeas and lentils are annuals and they are cropped once a year under the conditions in question. As such, the above activities are listed under establishment (because they are only done once for every cropping season)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

注释:

The above activities are listed under recurrent because they are done more than once throughout the cropping season (and according to the need).

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

生物灾害

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Diversified cropping systems for sustainable intensification of dryland family farming

URL:

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/66830

7.4 一般注释

This technology is part of a series of technologies on Diversified Cropping Systems that test the incorporation of different crops into lentil production, namely onions (technologies_5992 - Morocco) and quinoa (technologies_5967 - Morocco)