1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Strengthening national-level institutional and professional capacities of country Parties towards enhanced UNCCD monitoring and reporting – GEF 7 EA Umbrella II (GEF 7 UNCCD Enabling Activities_Umbrella II)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric (National Soil Services Center, Department of Agric) - 不丹

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Vegetables are intercropped between fruit-bearing trees in orchards. This maximizes land utilization, increases agrobiodiversity, and optimizes agricultural productivity.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Intercropping of vegetables with fruit-bearing trees in orchards can be an effective system in terms of production and agroecology. It is a sustainable farming technique that optimizes land use, increases agrobiodiversity, diversifies production, and enhances overall yields. Land users in Yusipang grow peas, beans, and cole crops (cabbages, kale, etc.) in their apple orchards.
Intercropping vegetables in orchard land optimizes the use of space, sunlight, water and nutrients. Intercropping also increases biodiversity within the orchard ecosystem. This coexistence of species reduces the vulnerability of the orchard to crop failure and pest infestation: it improves the residence of the overall system.
Trees in the system absorb nutrients from the soil and return them through fallen leaves, thereby improving soil fertility and reducing reliance on external fertilizers. This nutrient recycling improves the overall health of the orchard ecosystem. Intercropping can also help in natural pest management through various mechanisms – including the attraction of beneficial insects - thus reducing the need for chemical pesticides. It also fosters a beneficial microclimate.
To establish intercropping of vegetables in orchards, careful planning and design is required with respect to crop selection, spacing of trees and intercrops, irrigation, and nutrient management. Regular weeding and mulching are required alongside adequate irrigation, integrated pest management, and pruning of fruit trees to prevent competition for light and space.
Intercropping of vegetables in orchards thus offers multiple benefits to farmers and the overall agricultural system, including increased farm productivity. It increases climate resilience and improves the health of the agroecosystem. However, it is important to be aware of potential drawbacks. These include competition between crops for resources - and labour. Sound management practices can overcome these challenges and maximize the effectiveness of intercropping.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 降低灾害风险
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 轮作制度（轮作、休耕、轮垦）
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

BTN

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

81.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Assess the orchard: Evaluate the orchard's existing conditions, including soil fertility, drainage, sunlight availability, and pest and disease history. This assessment will help determine the feasibility and suitability of intercropping vegetables in the orchard.	Anytime
2.	Select compatible vegetable crops: Choose vegetable crops that are compatible with the existing fruit trees in terms of their growth requirements, sunlight tolerance, water needs, and harvesting periods. Consider crops that are less competitive and can thrive in the orchard's microclimate.	Year-round
3.	Plan the intercropping layout: Develop a planting design that optimises space utilisation and resource distribution. Consider factors such as crop spacing, row orientation, and the arrangement of vegetable crops within the orchard. Ensure that the intercropped vegetables are positioned to minimise shading and competition with the fruit trees.	Anytime
4.	Prepare the soil: Prior to planting, prepare the soil by clearing any existing vegetation and weeds. Conduct soil testing to assess nutrient levels and pH, and amend the soil if necessary to create optimal growing conditions for both the vegetables and fruit trees.	Spring
5.	Implement irrigation systems: Install or adapt irrigation systems to accommodate the intercropped vegetables' water requirements. Consider the water needs of both the vegetables and fruit trees when determining irrigation frequency and duration.	Anytime
6.	Manage nutrients: Determine the nutrient requirements of the intercropped vegetables and fruit trees. Based on soil test results, develop a fertilization plan that addresses the nutritional needs of both crops. Apply organic or synthetic fertilizers as appropriate, considering the specific nutrient requirements of each crop.	Anytime
7.	Implement pest and disease management strategies: Develop an integrated pest management (IPM) plan to control pests and diseases effectively. Monitor the orchard regularly for signs of pests or diseases and take appropriate preventive or corrective actions, such as using natural predators, applying organic pesticides, or practising cultural methods like crop rotation.	After plantation
8.	Weed management: Employ weed control measures to minimise competition between the vegetables and fruit trees. This can include mulching the soil around plants, practising regular manual weeding, or using targeted herbicides that are safe for both crops.	After plantation
9.	Monitor and adjust: Continuously monitor the growth and performance of both the vegetables and fruit trees throughout the growing season. Make necessary adjustments to irrigation, fertilisation, pest control, and other management practices based on observations and the specific needs of each crop.	Year-round

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

23000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The land users bore 100% of costs.

注释:

Taking into consideration the labour charge for layout making, pit digging, pit filling, use of equipment such as spades and crowbars, and plantation of fruit trees and then some seasonal vegetables in between the fruit trees in 1 ac of land, the approximate cost of establishment is Nu 23000 (USD 284).

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

6000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

The land users bore 100% of costs.

注释:

Taking into consideration maintenance activities such as weeding, watering, manuring, pruning, and pest and disease management in 1 ac of land, the approximate cost of maintenance per year is Nu 6000 (USD 74).

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

2698 m.a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Moisture content-1.97%
Organic matter-6.19%
Organic carbon-3.60%
pH-6.61
Electrical conductivity-420.00 µs/cm
Nitrogen-0.18
Phosphorus-0.16
Potassium-155.07 mg/100ml
Soil texture-Sand Clay Loam

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

There are no risks of flooding as the area is located on hills.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Intercropping of vegetables with fruit-bearing trees in orchards increases biodiversity within the orchard ecosystem.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

The land user right follows national policy and rights.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	夏季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	不好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地雪暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
寒潮	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 91-100%

注释:

No subsidies

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
1. Increased land productivity: Intercropping vegetables in orchards allows for more efficient use of land by utilizing the space between fruit trees. This increases overall productivity and maximizes the yield from the same area of land.
2. Diversified income streams: By intercropping vegetables, orchard owners can generate additional income from the sale of different crops. This helps to diversify their revenue streams and reduce dependence on a single crop, thereby minimizing financial risks.
3. Improved pest and disease management: Certain vegetable crops can act as natural pest repellents or trap crops, effectively reducing the population of pests that target fruit trees. By intercropping, orchard owners can create a more balanced ecosystem, leading to better pest and disease management without relying heavily on chemical interventions.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
1. Enhanced soil fertility and nutrient cycling: Intercropping systems often involve the planting of leguminous vegetables, such as peas or beans, which are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and improving soil fertility. These vegetables can replenish nitrogen levels in the soil, benefiting the overall health and growth of both the fruit trees and the intercropped vegetables.
2. Weed suppression: Intercropping vegetables can help suppress weed growth in orchards. The dense foliage of intercropped vegetables can shade out and outcompete weeds, reducing the need for manual weeding or herbicide application. This results in reduced labour and cost associated with weed control.
3. Microclimate regulation: Intercropping can modify the microclimate within the orchard. The intercrop plants provide shade and windbreak, which can help regulate temperature, humidity, and air movement. These microclimate modifications can protect fruit trees from extreme weather conditions and create more favorable growing conditions, promoting overall orchard health.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Competition for resources: Intercropped vegetables and fruit trees compete for essential resources such as water, nutrients, sunlight, and space. This competition can result in reduced growth and yield for both crops.	Supply adequate nutrients.
Increased management complexity: Intercropping adds complexity to the management of the orchard. Different crops may have different requirements in terms of irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and harvesting, requiring additional attention and labour.	Proper planning and management taking into consideration differing requirements.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Difficulty in weed control: Intercropping can make weed control more challenging. Different crops may have different susceptibilities to weeds, and managing weeds without harming the intercropped vegetables or fruit trees can be demanding.	Weed management and different control measures should be taken.
Reduced crop specialisation: Intercropping can limit the space available for each crop, leading to reduced specialisation. This may result in lower yields compared to cultivating a single crop in a dedicated area with optimised growing conditions.	Must keep proper/required spaces between each of the plants.
Harvesting difficulties: Harvesting intercropped vegetables in an orchard can be more time-consuming and labour-intensive compared to harvesting a single crop. The presence of fruit trees and the arrangement of different crops may hinder access and make harvesting more challenging.	Mechanized harvesting may reduce time taken for harvest.

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Mishra, U. & Wani, N. A. (2022). An integrated circular economic model with controllable carbon emission and deterioration from an apple orchard.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Google Scholar

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Hashemi, A. & Karamidehkordi, E. (2010). FARMERS'KNOWLEDGE OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE ZANJAN PROVINCE IN IRAN.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free website

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Kumar, L. & Chhogyel, N. (2018). Climate change and potential impacts on agriculture in Bhutan: a discussion of pertinent issues.

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Free source

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

An integrated circular economic model with controllable carbon emission and deterioration from an apple orchard

URL:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133962

标题/说明:

FARMERS'KNOWLEDGE OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE ZANJAN PROVINCE IN IRAN.

URL:

https://hal.science/hal-00510402

标题/说明:

Climate change and potential impacts on agriculture in Bhutan: a discussion of pertinent issues

URL:

https://agricultureandfoodsecurity.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40066-018-0229-6

7.4 一般注释

The land users in Yusipang commented that the production of vegetables in the orchard was done on a small scale and for self-consumption.