1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Land Use Based Mitigation for Resilient Climate Pathways (LANDMARC)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

JIN Climate and Sustainability (JIN-NGO) - 荷兰

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

An agroforestry system consisting of rows of walnut and hazelnut trees combined with grassland and flowers was applied in place of a former conventional monoculture system in Alphen, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

This agroforestry technology is applied on an organic farm located in the province of Noord-Brabant, Netherlands. Owned by a local farmer, the farm covers a total of 7.8 hectares. In 2018, this land was allocated for the Farm Life project, transforming it into agroforestry system. The farm integrates natural and agricultural elements, creating a sustainable environment where trees (chestnuts), crops, and pasture co-exist.
The agroforestry system on this farm is utilized for multiple purposes, including chestnut tree cultivation, agriculture, horticulture, and pasture. This diverse planting strategy allows the farmer to mix crop production with tree cultivation, where each component supports soil health and ecological balance. Chestnut trees, for example, are grown alongside mainly grasses, introducing perennial elements to the farm and diversifying the landscape.
Agroforestry merges natural ecosystems with agriculture, creating a system where nature actively enhances farm productivity. It allows farmers to move beyond monoculture farming by incorporating trees and shrubs into crop systems, promoting biodiversity as an essential part of farming. For example, integrating chestnut trees into these systems improves soil health, reduces erosion (as these are mainly sandy soils), and strengthens the farm’s resilience to environmental stress. This approach also creates income from products like chestnuts, which supports sustainable food production—a primary motivation for the farmer.
This agroforestry system, while beneficial, faces challenges in implementation and scaling-up. For example, perennial food crops are not yet commonly integrated into modern agroforestry systems, which limits their full potential. Establishing a guide on cultivation practices and securing better funding would be key steps to upscaling agroforestry production and making it more accessible. Additionally, adequate resources and guidance on plant selection, tree management, and harvesting methods would make it easier for farmers to adopt and sustain these practices.
Specifically to this agroforestry, compared to traditional fruit trees like apples and pears, chestnut trees require less intensive management—reducing labor as they naturally drop fruit and need less pruning. They also enhance biodiversity and can be financially beneficial. As a perennial carbohydrate source, chestnuts offer a sustainable, low-maintenance crop option that aligns with modern food production goals. Additionally, they can help revitalize traditional orchard landscapes and accelerate returns from forest areas through nut production, contributing to long-term ecological and economic benefits.
While agroforestry offers many environmental benefits, land users face several challenges. Initial investments in tree planting, maintenance, and management can be costly, and limited access to financial support often discourages smallholder farmers from adopting these practices. Some farmers also find the high diversity of species in agroforestry systems to be complex and challenging for achieving consistent product yields. There are also limitations in technology suited for small-scale agroforestry, such as a shortage of plant materials (e.g., seedlings) and limited guidance on establishing and maintaining agroforestry systems. On the positive side, farmers appreciate agroforestry’s contributions to a sustainable environment. The increased organic matter and diversity, improve soil health and crop productivity, and build resilience against environmental stressors, which makes agroforestry an option for long-term land management.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过土地使用者的创新

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The implementation of agroforestry in this case study intends to increase soil properties by restoring soil biological cycles, providing habitat for predators that can reduce pests, and reduce nitrate leaching to improve nutrient retention and avoid the leaching of nitrates.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

eur

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

0.9

4.3 技术建立活动

注释:

Activities and costs not available: our contract was not involved in the financial or other aspects of the implementation

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

注释:

Costs not available; our contract was not involved in the financial aspect of the implementation and, while can provide an overview of the benefits and drawbacks compared to the previous system, cannot provide any figures

4.5 维护/经常性活动

注释:

Activities and costs not available: our contract was not involved in the financial or other aspects of the implementation

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Costs not available; our contract was not involved in the financial aspect of the implementation and, while can provide an overview of the benefits and drawbacks compared to the previous system, cannot provide any figures

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Thick eared soil with an ash cover consisting of sand, a high elevation with respect to groundwater (Gt IV and above) and a black mineral eared layer. The topsoil consists of loamy fine sand.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Biodiversity in the area is generally low. However, there has been an improvement in bird and fungal biodiversity after the implementation of the technique.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 公司
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 租赁
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
季节性温度	夏季	增加	非常好
季节性温度	冬季	增加	非常好
季雨量	夏季	减少	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
比较和缓的（河道）洪水	好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
diversify income through bio-economy products
adaptation to new environmental regulations
landscape and community opportunities

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
increased ecosystem carbon, carbon sequestration
re-establishment of biological cycles, decreased pests and increased system resilience
erosion reduction and need for less soil input, decreased nutrient runoff and increased underground water quality

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
implementation costs	carbon sequestration can be capitalized by carbon markets
increased maintenance workload	up-scaling would increase availability and affordability of mechanization options
land value decreased, as trees would need to be replanted somewhere else in case the land user would like to remove them	policy changes

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
benefits are not seen in the short term	financial mechanisms to bridge the gap between initial investment and long-term revenues, i.e. carbon markets
landscape changes from traditional land use might face resistance by some local inhabitants	behavioral change, community involvement

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

LANDMARC Netherlands case study leaflets

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5f7b27859c352b2444f4cbd9/t/6050de69f1fa6f34c837dfc8/1615912556101/Brochure+NL+Agroforestry_public+def.pdf

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

LANDMARC Dutch Case Study

URL:

https://www.landmarc2020.eu/netherlands-peat-soils-agroforestry