1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

The innovative Solar Mobile Dryer (SMD) developed by ICARDA addresses climate change challenges for date palm growers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries by improving fruit quality, reducing waste, saving energy, and enhancing profitability, thereby supporting sustainable and efficient agricultural practices.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

In the Middle East, the date palm is an essential crop with significant cultural and economic value, thriving in dry, arid, and hot climates. However, climate change is exacerbating production challenges, with higher temperatures, heatwaves, water scarcity, harsh winds, leading to poor pollination, and increased pests amongst other issues. Small-scale date palm producers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries face additional problems of managing unsold or excess produce. Short harvesting periods and high deterioration rates of some date varieties make the situation worse. A common solution to extend shelf life is freezing. However, this has several drawbacks including storage and handling difficulties, nutrient and flavour degradation, and high energy costs.
To tackle these post-harvest challenges, the International Center of Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) developed an innovative Solar Mobile Dryer (SMB) for drying dates, achieving the desired colour for marketing while shielding the produce from dust and rain. The mobile solar dryer includes tables with polycarbonate covers forming a tunnel. Each table is 3 meters long, 1 meter wide, with walls 15-30 cm high, and raised 40 cm off the ground on metal legs. Dates are placed on a mesh for enhanced air flow and drying. Temperatures are kept at 70 degrees Celsius, the same as industrial date drying, to avoid textural changes, hardness, and colour alteration. Two versions of the tables have been produced.
The Jordan version, uses an iron frame and includes four tables that can form a 12-meter tunnel. This dryer has a 12V 40W DC fan, with a control unit and solar panel system, providing 6 hours of operation during the day and 2 hours at night, controlled by a temperature sensor.
The second version was developed in United Arab Emirates (UAE) and features a lighter aluminium frame and a 12V 80W fan fixed on one table. It includes temperature and humidity sensors, two solar panels, and a 20A charging controller.
The advantage and disadvantages of the SMB are as follows:
Advantages:
+ Improves fruit quality, especially in humid areas. Produce dried in greenhouses are often higher quality than those sun-dried.
+ Prevents contamination by insects, birds, dust, and rain.
+ Saves energy and drying time, improves product quality, and increases process efficiency.
+ Solar drying systems have low operation and maintenance costs.
+ Reduces waste and loss rates.
+ Reduces air pollution and greenhouse gases from fossil fuels.
+ Can be used for other products (e.g., fruits, vegetables, medicinal, and aromatic plants).

Disadvantages:
- Drying is limited to sunny days unless integrated with conventional energy systems. Drying without sunshine depends on the humidity difference between inside and outside the chamber.
- Solar drying is slower than conventional fuel or electricity-based dryers.
- Requires large land areas and long drying times, subject to solar radiation and temperature fluctuations.
- Farmers may lack maintenance knowledge for the system.
Economic evaluations of the SMD for two date varieties, Majhool and Lulu, demonstrate high profitability. The initial investment in the SMD is approximately 1,000 USD, with an estimated lifetime of about 10 years. The drying process takes between 1 and 3 days. The SMD has a capacity to dry between 6 and 12 kilograms of dates per square meter of drying surface in the SMD, resulting in production of around 5-10 kilograms of dried dates. Maintenance costs are estimated at 25% of the initial investment, while variable costs such as labour, packaging, and transportation are around 500 USD per month. Based on these figures, the net income per kilogram of dried dates is approximately 2.7 USD. Depending on the date variety, the return-on-investment ranges between 240% and 310%, with a payback period of about 4 months. These numbers indicate that the innovation is highly profitable for farmers.
The SMD is a crucial ICARDA initiative for smallholder date palm growers in the GCC countries, offering energy savings, waste reduction, and post-harvest loss prevention, enhancing the competitiveness of modern agriculture in high date production areas.
We express our sincere gratitude to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Secretariat for funding this research under the "Development of sustainable date palm production systems in the GCC countries of the Arabian Peninsula" project. We are grateful to the Ministries of Agriculture, Agricultural Authorities, and Agricultural Research Institutions and Universities in the GCC countries for their continuous support and collaboration in implementing project activities.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

阿拉伯联合酋长国

具体说明该技术的分布:

• 适用于特定场所/集中在较小区域

技术现场是否位于永久保护区？:

否

Map

×

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2020

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间
• 通过项目/外部干预

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

农田

• 乔木与灌木的种植

乔木和灌木种植 - 指定作物:

• 枣子

每年的生长季节数:

• 1

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 收割后的措施

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

其它措施

具体说明:

This is a post-harvest and technological innovation.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

生物性退化

• Bq：数量/生物量减少

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

This innovation increases the income of the farmers per unit area i.e., increased economic land productivity. This allows farmers to reduce pressure on the land and/or to manage their land more sustainable.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Schematic view of the SMD

Fans blow air to control humidly and temperature. Top windows can be open to store and collect dates, but also for manual control of temperature etc.

作者:

ICARDA

日期:

2022

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Side view dimensions of the SMD.

Plastic (poly-carbonate) sheets are held up by an iron frame. The product lay on a plastic net to also support vertical airflow.

作者:

ICARDA

日期:

2022

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Technical schematic overview of the SMD

作者:

ICARDA

日期:

2022

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Electronic parts and connections overview of the SMD

Drawn using Fritzing software, www.fritzing .org

作者:

ICARDA

日期:

2022

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Net Present Value (NPV)
NPV evaluates an investment's profitability by calculating the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows. A positive NPV indicates a profitable investment, while a negative NPV signals a potential loss.

Profitability Index (PI)
PI measures the relative profitability of an investment by comparing the present value of future cash inflows to the initial investment. A PI greater than 1 indicates a good investment, whereas a PI less than 1 suggests it may not be viable.

Payback Period (PB)
PB is the time it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost through cash inflows. A shorter PB is preferred as it indicates quicker recovery, though it doesn't account for the time value of money or cash flows after the payback period but provides implication for risk.

Return on Investment (ROI)
ROI assesses the efficiency or profitability of an investment by comparing the net gain to the cost. A higher ROI indicates a more profitable investment.

Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR)
BCR evaluates the value for money of a project by comparing the present value of benefits to costs. A BCR greater than 1 suggests benefits exceed costs, making the project worthwhile, while a BCR less than 1 indicates the opposite.

Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
IRR is the discount rate at which the NPV of all cash flows from an investment equals zero. If IRR exceeds the required rate of return, the investment is considered good. It's useful for comparing projects.

作者:

ICARDA

日期:

2022

技术规范（与技术图纸相关）:

Schematic drwing of the SMD as used in Jordan

作者:

ICARDA

日期:

2024

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

1000.0

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Material costs for drying such as packaging appeared to be a major cost.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Because the SMD is mobile and processes the harvest, the natural situation is not that essential. However, ideally, it should be placed in warm and sunny areas.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

其它（具体说明）:

other inputs

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Experiments are done with other products such as vegetables, fruits, and spices.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Boubaker Dhehibi, Muhi El-Dine Hilali, Arash Nejatian. (15/9/2023). Economic and Financial Evaluation of a Low-Cost Portable Solar Dryer for Maturing and Drying of Dates: Business for Development (B4D) Report.

URL:

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/68749

标题/说明:

Muhi El-Dine Hilali, Arash Nejatian, Abdoul Aziz Niane, Mohamed Ali Bob. (30/11/2023). دليل تصنيع و تشغيل المجفف الشمسي المتنقل. Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).

URL:

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/69302

标题/说明:

Muhi El-Dine Hilali, Arash Nejatian. (28/3/2021). Developing solar drier for maturing and drying of dates in the Arabian Peninsula. Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).

URL:

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11766/12826