1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Land Development Department (Land Development Department) - 泰国

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Salinity and associated land degradation in parts of the Northeast of Thailand limits production. Knowledge of saline soil management was integrated into an organic agriculture system: dolomite application adjusted pH levels, manure increased the soil's organic matter, while fermented bio-extracts stimulated root systems. Yields of chili pepper and parsley improved greatly.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The problem of soil degradation in regions with saline soil such as parts of the Northeast of Thailand shows up as chemical and physical deterioration and low fertility, which are significant limitations to land use. These issues are exacerbated by water shortages in the dry season and excessive rainfall during the cropping season.
To address this, a group of farmers interested in learning effective soil management strategies has formed. Their aim is to mitigate the effects of salinity and improve crop productivity on their farms. The group has received support in the form of production inputs, including microbial activators for producing organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers, vetiver grass of the Songkhla 3 variety, and dolomite. Additionally, they have implemented guidelines based on learning, observation, and trial and error to develop a 0.04-hectare vegetable plot.
Previously, this area was characterized by low soil fertility and salinity, which resulted in reduced crop yields. The sandy clay loam soil, though slightly saline, had very low moisture content during the dry season. Furthermore, the area lay outside the irrigation zone. To answer these questions, farmers in the community of Moo 5, Ban Kok Phrom, Non Thai Sub-district, collaborated to develop sustainable farming practices. With support from the Land Development Department, they integrated knowledge of saline soil management into an organic agriculture system.
This technology began with soil analysis and appropriate measures for managing saline soil before land preparation. Farmers combined their wisdom with Land Development Department technologies, such as dolomite application to adjust pH levels and eliminate pathogenic microorganisms affecting chili pepper growth. Manure was applied to increase the soil's organic matter, while fermented bio-extracts containing beneficial microbes stimulated root systems.
To conserve soil moisture, drip irrigation technology was installed in the chili planting plots, and the soil was covered with straw. Vetiver grass was also used to further conserve moisture as a grass barrier strip. After these soil amendments, the soil structure improved, becoming friable and suitable for planting chili peppers—specifically the Amphawa Gold variety, which has a high market demand.
Additionally, parsley was intercropped between plots to optimize land use. On average, the chili pepper yields reached 400 kilograms per 400 square meters over 180 days, with a market price of about 2.50 USD per kilogram. Parsley, as a by-product of watering the chili pepper plants, produced just over 100 kilograms per 400 square meters per production cycle of chili peppers.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2022

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Farmer groups in Non Thai Subdistrict and nearby areas transfer knowledge through the volunteer soil doctor network.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

The area is outside the full irrigation zone and has a local or community small size water sources.

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 土壤肥力综合管理
• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Drip irrigation system installed	Before mulching/ cropping (March)
2.	None
3.	None

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Drip lines	metre	4.6	1.76	8.1
劳动力	PVC tubes	metre	10.0	0.59	5.9
劳动力	1000 litre tank	piece	1.0	67.65	67.65
劳动力	None	None
技术建立所需总成本					81.65
技术建立总成本，美元					81.65

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Cultivation plot preparation
2.	Planting and maintenance
3.	Harvesting yields
4.	In case of an anthracnose epidemic, destroy the chili pepper stricken with the disease. During an outbreak of aphids, spray with plain milk at the point of the outbreak. Leave it for 20 minutes and then wipe it off.
5.	Remove leaves of the chili peppers when they are 45-50 days in order to make the trunk expose to the sun. This helps chili peppers grow well and increase their yields.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Ploughing to prepare plot	Person days	1.0	8.08	8.08
劳动力	Soil preparation	Person days	1.0	4.41	4.41
劳动力	Cultivation, watering, plot maintenance	Person days	1.0	24.25	24.25
劳动力	Harvesting	Person days	1.0	137.64	137.64
设备	Tractor/ cultivator maintenance	Fuel etc	1.0	75.0	75.0
植物材料	Chili peper plant	plant	1200.0	0.029	34.8
植物材料	Parsley seeds	gram	600.0	0.01	6.0
植物材料	Rice straw	kilogram	180.0	0.1	18.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Fermented bio-extracts	liter	120.0	0.29	34.8
肥料和杀菌剂	Dolomite	kilogram	13.6	0.73	9.93
肥料和杀菌剂	Dung	bag	35.0	2.5	87.5
其它	Drip line	meter	4.6	1.76	8.1
其它	PVC tube	meter	10.0	0.59	5.9
其它	1,000 liter bucket	bucket	1.0	67.65	67.65
技术维护所需总成本					522.06
技术维护总成本，美元					522.06

注释:

Drip irrigation systems have no maintenance costs but they are replaced after 2 to 3 years.

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

1. Labour costs

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

Information from a questionnaire

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

Information from a questionnaire

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年降雨量		减少	好

注释:

Rainfall has decreased due to climate change, a result of global warming.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

The land users are responsible for covering the cost themselves. Supported by agricutural production factors from LDD.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 不断变化的市场

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

Yes. Use the drip system for morning watering with organic fertilizer.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Farmers manage soil and water and use integrated farming methods, leading to additional income opportunities.
Farmers in the area are committed to overcoming challenges and limitations related to soil, water, and environmental conditions.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Support for forming farmer groups in the area to exchange knowledge on soil management for increasing crop yields and addressing local farming issues, as well as developing professions for community farmers. This includes promoting the production of safe, non-toxic crops and creating value for products, leading to increased household income for farmers.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Farmers who use the technology must learn to follow procedures carefully.	Training and experience

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
The technology used is precision farming. Farmers who use the technology must pay attention to every step.	Training

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Sustainable soil management practices in Asia

URL:

https://e-library.ldd.go.th/library/Ebook/bib10906.pdf