1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Groupement de développement agricole Oasis centre Gabes (GDA Oasis centre Gabes 2024)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Tunisia (FAO Tunisia)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Shallow tillage involves disturbing the upper layer of soil without deep ploughing. It aims to provide a good seedbed, incorporate manure, control weeds, and enhance water infiltration while minimizing soil erosion and compaction. A machine tiller has recently replaced animal traction for this purpose.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Shallow tillage (15-20cm deep) involves disturbing the upper layer of soil and avoids deep ploughing. It aims to provide a good seedbed, while incorporating manure, controlling weeds, and enhancing water infiltration. Soil erosion is minimised, compaction is reduced and because deeper layers are not disturbed, less soil organic matter is oxidised.

Shallow tillage - sometimes called “superficial” or “light” tillage – disturbs only the topsoil and brings several benefits. These include:

* Soil Structure Preservation: Maintains the underlying soil structure, reducing the risk of compaction and erosion.
* Moisture Conservation: Helps retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation from deeper layers.
* Reduced Erosion: Minimizes soil erosion by maintaining residues.
* Increased Microbial Activity: Promotes beneficial microbial activity in the topsoil, enhancing soil health.
* Nutrient Management: Allows for targeted application of fertilizers and amendments, as it primarily affects the upper soil layer.
* Time and Labour Efficiency: Generally, requires less time and fewer resources compared to deep tillage methods.

Smallholders in Gabes, South-East Tunisia practice shallow tillage and were interviewed to gain extra insights into this technology. They were welcoming and happy to share their knowledge while gaining information about enhancing their own production systems.

These smallholders farm in “The Oasis of Gabes” where there is a specific design of multi-storey agroforestry with trees, shrubs and vegetable crops. This requires specific agronomic practices. One of these practices is shallow tillage. A machine tiller has recently replaced animal traction for this purpose. They would prefer a no-till technique, however this would be more costly because it requires extra manure and soil cover by mulching or sand backfill. This may be possible for another category of farmers.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 50多年前（传统）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 作为传统系统的一部分（> 50 年）

注释（项目类型等）:

This technique has been practiced for decades. What has changed are the tools used for tillage. For example, previously a tiller was pulled by a domestic animal (a cow, a horse, a donkey...etc.)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农牧业（包括农牧结合）

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

There is a lack of water and risk of drought in the south eastern region. We are working with farmers on recovering rainwater .

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 最小的土壤扰动
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Some farmers are using mulching for soil coverage and protection from weeds.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

The studied lands are situated in Gabes, south east of Tunisia. The region is characterised by a semi arid climate, Soil is exposed to winds . We have to mention that the area is polluted compared to other regions in the country. This has badly affected the cropping systems and created an unbalanced ecological system. The polluted atmosphere has contributed to less rainfall.

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化
• 适应土地退化

注释:

The majority of farmers are looking for adaptation techniques. Climate change has created climatic aberrations such as a rise in temperature, a decrease of the minimum number of hours of cold that are necessary for dormancy of seeds and trees. By necessity, current agronomic practices of farmers have changed in order to improve the cropping system.

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

TND

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

3.07

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

150.0

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Exposing the soil to the sun to kill pathogens	July-August
2.	Keeping the soil dry and more stable	the mid final August
3.	Contracting with labour and machinery	August
4.	Making the minimum tillage (it depends on the surface)	September-October
5.	Tillage	Twice a year

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算维护该技术所需要的总成本。:

350.0

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

The most important factors affecting the costs are: the need to keep more moisture in the soil, good aeration for roots, improvement of soil texture and increase in organic matter.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

具体说明:

The average of salinity water is 3.5-5.7 g/L

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Referring to scientific studies and indicators used to measure biodiversity in the oasis, we find out that many species have migrated, become extinct or are threatened by extinction. This can be explained for several reasons such as: excessive urbanisation in rural areas and polluted ecosystem, etc.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，未命名
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

社会文化影响

生态影响

土壤

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	适度
季节性温度	夏季	增加	适度
年降雨量		减少	适度

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热带风暴	不好
当地沙尘暴/尘暴	适度
局地风暴	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	不好
极端冬季条件	非常不好
干旱	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
流行病	好
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	好

其他气候相关的后果

其他气候相关的后果

	该技术是如何应对的？
海平面上升	未知

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

120

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 51-90%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

是

若是，说明它适应了哪些变化的条件:

• 气候变化/极端气候

具体说明技术的适应性（设计、材料/品种等）:

The technology was adapted through design and material - specifically the type of machine use for tillage.

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
The technology has several virtues for Oasis ecosystem. Since it is a specific agriculture system, it requires constant interventions and various techniques. The technology allow farmers to care about their lands sustainably.
The technique is not costly affecting the farmer
The technique is adapted to the oasian ecosystem and the bioeconomy circumstances.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
The technique is not costly. Agriculture costs affect the decision of farmers in this area
It is a revenue incoming for cultivator owners
The timing adapted by farmers to till is very important. The technique enhances the manure and incorporation of fallen leaves. This enhances the amount and stability of organic material in the soil.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
It is a limited technique because of small plots of land	expanding the cultivated area
it requires physical effort	encouraging precision mechanisation

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

https://www.laboasis.org/oasis-traditional-water-systems/

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Les eaux de drainage de l'oasis de gabes

URL:

https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/les-eaux-de-drainage-de-l-oasis-de-gabes-9783841663160/

7.4 一般注释

Le groupement de développement agricole oasis centre Gabes is encouraging these kind of initiatives in order to develop water and natural resource management for the benefit of small scale farmers. Thanks for his willingness to accept this initiative when I suggested it .Thanks to WOCAT and University of Bern for this insightful platform and distinguished team. It is such a pleasure to contribute to such a global initiative and present the method worldwide.
I have a remark. Farmers are more interactive when I interviewed them one to one in their lands. I suggest that WOCAT platform editors might give more columns to fill each farmers data so that the survey might be statistically be effective and correct.