1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Save Soil Movement

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Conscious Planet - Save Soil (Save Soil)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Transforming a monocrop coconut farm into a resilient food forest can sustainably enhance soil health, biodiversity and productivity while reducing labour and external input requirements. This demonstrates the potential to increase yields and provide long-term economic and ecological stability for farmers.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Transforming a monocrop coconut farm into a resilient food forest can sustainably enhance soil health, biodiversity, and productivity while reducing labour and external input requirements. This demonstrates the potential to increase yields and provide long-term economic and ecological stability for farmers. Experience was gained from implementation in 2008 on a monocrop coconut farm in Pollachi, Tamil Nadu. The stages were as follows:
1) Rainwater management: Trenches were dug throughout the farm to retain rainwater and prevent runoff, thus enhancing soil moisture. This was critical given the limited rainfall in the region. A drip irrigation system was installed for efficient watering.
2) Plant diversity: Various crops were introduced. Nutmeg, intercropped among coconut trees, provides 3 - 4 times the income of coconuts after 15 to 20 years. Timber trees extract micronutrients from deeper soil layers via deep tap roots: micronutrients are concentrated in the leaves which are used as mulch to enrich the soil nutrient profile. Banana and papaya provided early income, shade for plants, and added biomass. This diversity also ensures a steady income, reducing dependency on external markets.
3) Biomass and soil fertility improvement: Fast-growing crops were planted to generate additional biomass. Leaves were pruned and added to the water-retaining trenches as mulch. Nitrogen-fixing plants were cultivated extensively to improve soil fertility, eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers.
4) Mulch and bio-input application: Mulch in the trenches was decomposed by the bio-inputs from Cows (Earlier 2, now 1) applied via drip lines, which increased soil organic matter through enhanced microbial decomposition. The irrigation and sprinklers were used judiciously to achieve soil moisture rather than over-watering, as trees primarily needed stable moisture conditions.
5) Minimal maintenance approach: After establishing this system, the farm required minimal maintenance. There was no need for tilling, weeding, or other intensive practices, just monitoring of, and maintaining, moisture levels. This low-maintenance approach reduces farmers’ workloads and improves their quality of life.
6) Enhanced biodiversity and pest management: To further enhance biodiversity, flowering plants to attract pollinators and predatory insects can be planted along the farm's boundaries - though this was not done at this particular site. Nonetheless, the increased biodiversity already fostered here brought in earthworms, birds, and beneficial insects for natural pest management.
After 12 years of minimal maintenance, soil organic matter content increased from 0.5% to 3.36%, and both production quantity and quality increased. The farm retained high soil moisture despite periods of low rainfall. Land users liked the use of minimal inputs, crop diversification as a financial safety net, and the visible impact on soil health and yield, as well as the increase in land value. There was initial fear about time and money invested and doubts about the feasibility of a technology that challenged the status quo of the region. Digging trenches and planting saplings were physically demanding. The initial pest pressure was also a concern before a stable ecosystem was established. The transformation of this coconut monoculture into a diverse food forest has demonstrated a sustainable model of enhanced resilience, productivity, and biodiversity. This model can be replicated across similar regions to help minimize labor and improve farmers’ livelihoods while restoring land and ecosystems.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 10-50年前

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

The key contributions to the project's technical knowledge include Ethirajalu R (Technical Expert), Anand Ethirajal (Operations Lead), and Dr. Poonyamurti (Ethnoveterinary Medicines Expert). Their expertise, along with the valuable insights shared by Indian stalwarts like Nammalwar, Sripad Davolkar, and Subhash Palekar

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 减缓气候变化及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 是（请在技术实施前填写以下有关土地利用的问题）

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 农业林学
• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 土壤肥力综合管理

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

INR

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

84.07

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Plot assessment and planning	Before onset of rains
2.	Digging trenches for rainwater harvesting	Before the rainy season
3.	Setting up drip irrigation system	Before planting; dry season
4.	Planting initial tree species (timber, fruit, nitrogen-fixing)	Early rainy season
5.	Planting startup crops (e.g., banana, papaya)	Early rainy season
6.	Mulching trenches with plant biomass	After trench creation, ongoing
7.	Adding bio-inputs to mulch beds	Throughout growing seasons
8.	Pruning trees and returning biomass	Regular intervals during dry seasons
9.	Planting additional companion species	After initial species establishment
10.	Setting up pest repellent measures	As needed, ongoing

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Trench Digging	machine-hours	100.0	1000.0	100000.0	100.0
劳动力	Tree Planting	person-days	75.0	600.0	45000.0	100.0
设备	Farm Tools	lump sum	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
设备	Irrigation Setup	lump sum	1.0	100000.0	100000.0	100.0
设备	Pruning Machine	units	1.0	25000.0	25000.0	100.0
植物材料	Timber Saplings	units	5500.0	3.0	16500.0	100.0
植物材料	Nutmeg Saplings	units	1000.0	20.0	20000.0	100.0
植物材料	Pepper Saplings	units	1000.0	40.0	40000.0	100.0
植物材料	Fruit Trees	units	500.0	100.0	50000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Organic Manure	load	10.0	1500.0	15000.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Organic Pest Repellants	lump sum	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
施工材料	Fencing Irrigation	lump sum	1.0	200000.0	200000.0	100.0
施工材料	Bio-Input Preparation Unit	lump sum	1.0	200000.0	200000.0	100.0
施工材料	Pipes and Valves	lump sum	1.0	530000.0	530000.0	100.0
施工材料	Tool Shed	lump sum	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
施工材料	Worker Shed	lump sum	1.0	50000.0	50000.0	100.0
其它	Farm Animals	units	5.0	20000.0	100000.0	100.0
其它	Fodder	annual	1.0	25000.0	25000.0	100.0
技术建立所需总成本					1606500.0
技术建立总成本，美元					19109.08

注释:

Land user bore all costs

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Pruning	Every 6 months
2.	Irrigation system maintenance	Annually, before dry season
3.	Mulching trenches	Twice a year, before onset of rains
4.	Adding bio-inputs to mulch beds	Happens automatically with irrigation.
5.	Harvesting fruits and biomass	As and when needed Coconut is collected after it falls by itself.
6.	Replanting missing or damaged trees	Annually, before rainy season
7.	Fencing and protection checks	Quarterly

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Pruning, mulching, replanting	person-days	100.0	600.0	60000.0	100.0
劳动力	Harvesting	person-days	300.0	600.0	180000.0	100.0
设备	Tools for pruning fencing checks	lump sum	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Irrigation system maintenance	lump sum	1.0	10000.0	10000.0	100.0
设备	Fencing maintenance	lump sum	1.0	20000.0	20000.0	100.0
植物材料	Replacement seedlings	pieces	50.0	30.0	1500.0	100.0
肥料和杀菌剂	Preparing organic bio-inputs via irrigation system	lump sum	1.0	5000.0	5000.0	100.0
施工材料	Fencing materials for repair	lump sum	1.0	8000.0	8000.0	100.0
其它	Cow Care and Fodder	kg	5.0	5000.0	25000.0	100.0
技术维护所需总成本					319500.0
技术维护总成本，美元					3800.4

注释:

Land users bore all costs

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

No factors significantly affected costs.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil type - Red sandy soil

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

Pollachi, the place where the farm is located, water quality fluctuates throughout the year, particularly due to agricultural runoff and effluents from nearby industrial activities.

5.5 生物多样性

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 个人

用水权:

• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

Private Ownership

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

Soil Fertility: Initially, the soil was likely low in organic matter due to monoculture practices. Through the addition of nitrogen-fixing plants and mulching with biomass, the soil's nutrient levels improved naturally, eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers.

Soil Organic Carbon: Soil organic carbon increased notably from 0.5% to 3.36% due to continuous mulching, the addition of bio-inputs, and water-retaining trenches. These practices enriched the soil with organic matter, improving its structure and capacity to hold moisture.

Erosion Control and Water Retention: Trenches and rainwater harvesting reduced runoff, preventing soil erosion and enhancing water retention, which helped maintain stable soil moisture levels, even in dry periods.

Microbial Health: The use of bio-inputs via drip irrigation boosted microbial activity in the soil, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter into humus, which further improved soil fertility and structure.

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

We have not conducted measurement of off-site ecological impacts for this farm as of now.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	非常好
季节性温度	旱季	增加	好
年降雨量			非常好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	增加	非常好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	非常好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
热浪	好
干旱	好

生物灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
昆虫/蠕虫侵扰	非常好

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 1-10%

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
1) Efficient Rainwater Harvesting: Trenches prevent water runoff and retain moisture, helping farmers adapt to water-scarce conditions. Drip irrigation ensures efficient water use, reducing waste and improving moisture availability at plant roots.
2) Nitrogen-fixing plants and bio-inputs build natural soil fertility, reducing or eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers.
3) Income Stability: Diverse crops (timber, fruit, and cash crops like bananas and papayas) ensure year-round income and minimize dependency on a single crop.
4) Pest and Disease Management: The natural ecosystem with pollinators and predatory insects reduces pest issues without needing chemical pesticides.
5) Minimal Labor: Once established, the system requires less labor with minimal tilling or weeding, allowing farmers to save on labor costs.
6) Increased Yield and Quality: Coconut yield has improved significantly, with larger and better-tasting coconuts, enhancing the crop’s market value.
7) Ecological Balance: The increase in biodiversity supports natural pest control, improved pollination, and enriched soil.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
1)Positive Environmental Impact: Enhanced Soil and Water Conservation: Rainwater harvesting and mulching contribute to soil health and sustainable water use, supporting resilient agricultural practices. Carbon Sequestration: The introduction of timber and fruit trees aids in carbon capture, helping to mitigate climate change.
2)Increased Biodiversity and Natural Pest Management: Reduction in Chemical Usage: Biodiverse ecosystems reduce reliance on pesticides and chemical fertilizers, fostering healthier food systems. Positive Environmental Metrics: Biodiversity and natural pest control align with ecological sustainability, improving farm ecosystems.
3)Model for Replication and Scaling: Technology Viability: A successful pilot farm serves as a model that other farmers can adopt, promoting tree-based agriculture and natural farming methods. Long-Term Sustainable Farming: This low-maintenance, high-diversity model provides a sustainable alternative to conventional farming, attracting interest from stakeholders focused on sustainable agriculture.
4)Attracting Donor Support: Appeal to Donors: The project’s long-term sustainability and eco-friendly practices attract donors focused on climate resilience and food security. Potential for Diverse Funding: The combined focus on environmental sustainability, economic empowerment, and climate resilience appeals to various funding sources.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
1) Learning Curve: Farmers may need additional knowledge on tree-based agriculture and organic soil management, which could necessitate training and support.	1) Training programs across the project region are conducted on various aspects of regenerative agriculture at minimal costs
2) Consistency in Bio-input Application: The effectiveness of bio-inputs depends on regular application; skipping or improper application could hinder soil improvement.	2) Farmer hand holding is available via farmer helpline for basic queries and farm visits are conducted if nature of query requires.
3) Higher Pest Pressure in Early Stages: As biodiversity builds up gradually, farmers might initially encounter some pest pressure until a stable ecosystem is established.	3) Pest and disease management trainings are quite frequent and also the training video is available on Save Soil youtube channel in regional languages for easy access for farmers

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
1) Need for Technical Expertise and Training: Farmers may need intensive training in regenerative agriculture methods, necessitating resources for workshops, materials, and ongoing support staff, which may impact the organization’s budget and staffing.	1) Major portion of funding goes into trainings and to create online and offline materials easily accessible to farmers. In mega training program where more than 1000s of farmers attend, free technical handbook is also provided to support them on a daily basis
2) Difficulty in Immediate Impact Measurement: Due to the delayed returns, reporting immediate success and impact might be challenging, especially in a results-oriented funding environment.	2) Need to implement milestone-based metrics, proxy indicators, and comparative reporting to showcase early progress. Farmer testimonials and case studies further illustrate positive outcomes, while data visualizations offer accessible insights into ecological improvements and economic stability.
3) Risk of Low Farmer Adoption: Farmers may be hesitant about the model’s initial costs and labor, slowing adoption.	3) Selective aspects of the technology can be taken up initially to see early success in order to manage finances
4) Resource-Intensive Monitoring and Data Collection: Tracking soil health, biodiversity, and yields requires dedicated monitoring, which can be resource-intensive, especially across multiple farms.	4) Success of few model farms will convince farmer community to take up this technology without having the need to monitor each and every farm

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Cauvery Calling: Impact Assessment Report 2024: A global economic model for farmers with a significant ecological impact

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/search?q=UNCCD%20policy

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

SS-TKV Annual Report 2023-24

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vvMD0kd-qWs4JtebbsBpOGBB-z_6CVr3ZcrK-1wV78Y/edit?tab=t.0

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Save Soil Movement - Model Farm, Proof of Concept

URL:

https://consciousplanet.org/en/save-soil/blog/save-soil-movement-model-farm-proof-of-concept

标题/说明:

A living example of Save Soil

URL:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVis4gkcPIU&t=353s

7.4 一般注释

The farm is still undergoing transformation into a more efficient and profitable model with the technology implemented.