1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

FAO Saudi Arabia (FAO KSA)

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Thadiq pits are water harvesting structures which capture rainfall runoff for planting trees and shrubs. They can also be manually watered. Their size varies, but each Thadiq pit is approximately 2 metres x 1 metre wide and up to 1 metre deep.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Thadiq pits are water harvesting structures which capture rainfall runoff for planting trees and shrubs. They can also be watered manually . The pits are dug within national parks managed by the National Centre for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification (NCVC). They may be located within wadis and sheyhib (small wadis) ranging from ten to several hundred metres in width, but also on high plateaux. Each Thadiq pit is rectangular, measuring 2m long, 1m wide, and up to 1m deep (depending on the depth of the soil). They are excavated by mechanical diggers. Pits are dug up to two years before planting, and they collect both runoff and the rich organic and mineral matter material carried in the runoff. After one year, many annual and even perennial plants have usually colonised the bottom of the pit. Trees and shrubs (including Acacia spp., Ziziphus spp. and Haxloylon spp.) are planting in the middle of the pit, without disturbing the existing vegetation as far as possible. These species attract bees, and beekeeping has been promoted alongside tree planting.
This water and nutrient harvesting technique is effective even in the very arid conditions – where rainfall may be less than 100 mm per year. However, some supplemental irrigation is needed, and each pit is watered, for example, around 7 times over the following year and a half, with a volume of water ranging from 20 to 100 litres each time per pit, depending on availability. Watering helps the plant to survive and the large quantity of water penetrates deep into the soil. As it moves downwards, it draws the roots downwards until they reach the water table. This is when watering can be stopped, often after 3 or 5 years. This is why the interval between watering is important, to effectively "pull the roots down" while leaving the plant enough water in the soil to survive. Although the costs are high, the results are generally very satisfactory in terms of planting and survival. The local impact is significant when there are enough pits per hectare, i.e. around 100 or more. Over the last five years one and a half million pits have been constructed. The technical design of the pits was formulated by Abdulla Al Eissa, the park manager, but FAO has been responsible for technical advising on planting operations. The activities are part funded by the NCVC, while local donors and volunteers contribute the remainder of the costs.
This activity is supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), project: Strengthening MoEWA's Capacity to implement its Sustainable Rural Agricultural Development (SRAD) Programme (2019-2025) UTF/SAU/051/SAU.

2.3 技术照片

2.4 技术视频

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2019

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

It is a project to develop vegetation to protect the environment in the National Parks and to support tourism in the region, partly financed by the NCVC (workmen's salaries, etc. ) and local donors (trucks, machines) and volunteers planting.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化
• 保护生态系统
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

否

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 天然和半天然森林管理
• 集水
• 养蜂、养殖业、家禽业、养兔业、养蚕业等

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

with plantation

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 减少土地退化

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术区域

具体说明成本计算所用货币:

• 美元

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Identify the site.	Dry season
2.	Mark the pits with stakes	Dry season
3.	Dig the pits	Dry season
4.	Produce the seedlings in a nursery	Dry season
5.	Plant the seedlings	Dry season
6.	Watering the seedlings (and replacing the dead ones).	Dry season
7.	Checking the pits during the first rain.	Rainy season
8.	Checking the pits during or after floodings	Floodings

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Technician					100.0
劳动力	Worker					100.0
设备	Truck					100.0
设备	Excavator					100.0
植物材料	100 seedlings per ha					100.0

如果您无法分解上表中的成本，请估算建立该技术所需要的总成本。:

3000.0

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

NCDC and local donors as well as some volunteers

注释:

All is given by the administration, National Centre for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification, free of charges.

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Checking the pits after the first rain.	One time, after the first rain.
2.	Checking the pits after the floodings.	After the floodings.
3.	Replace the seedlings when necessary: the watering truck driver get 5 seedlings everyday to replace dead plants.	During watering.
4.	Watering with a truck, 20 to 100 litres per pit = 2,000 to 10,000 litre per ha.	7 times in 1.5 year, during 3 to 5 years.

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
植物材料	30 seedlings per ha		1.0			100.0

注释:

The system is basically maintenance-free apart from tending to the plants, including watering

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

When supported by local donors and villagers, costs are relatively low. When the administration covers the cost, contractors are brought in and that makes it more expensive

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

This technology is specific to the Thuwayq wadis and plateau

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Rocky limestone soils, sometimes sandy.

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

否

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

是

规律性:

偶然

关于水质和水量的注释和进一步规范:

One to three floodings a year.

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

Arid ecosystems, sometimes rich for the region.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

The land user is the Government, National Centre for Vegetation Cover Development and Combating Desertification, to facilitate tourism and picnic in the park and protection of the environment (all genders and ages of tourists).

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 州

土地使用权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

用水权:

• 自由进入（无组织）

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

否

注释:

National Park, government property

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

注释:

Tourism with guides and Tour operators

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

Expert estimates

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

Expert estimates

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地暴雨	好

气候灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
干旱	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
山洪暴发	好

注释:

The impact depends on the density of pits per hectare. - experimentation with spacing of 3 metres apart could be tested and evaluated for costs and the results.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

注释:

It depends on the case, but the success rate is generally very high.

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 0-10%

注释:

Costs paid by communities or administration.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
1) Radical change to the ecosystem
2) Change of landscape.
3) Attractive to tourists after 5 years.

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
1). Adapting to climate change (rising temperatures, increased flash flooding).
2). Necessary if we want to turn desert into forests and steppes.
3). The best way to revegetate the desert.

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
High costs	Use climate change budgets or convince donors and the Government and Vegetation Centre to finance it.

7.1 信息的方法/来源