1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的项目名称（如相关）

Enabling Agro-ecological Transitions in Rainfed Landscapes (JIVA)

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR) - 印度

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.4 所述技术的可持续性声明

这里所描述的技术在土地退化方面是否存在问题，导致无法被认为是一种可持续的土地管理技术？:

否

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

A community-based seed bank system is a locally managed initiative where farmers and community members collect, store, and share seeds to ensure germplasm and food security, preserve crop diversity, and support sustainable agriculture. These banks are governed by community rules.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Community Seed Banks (CSBs) are locally governed systems designed to enhance food and seed security, promote sustainable, climate-resilient farming as well as conserving agrobiodiversity. CSBs bridge traditional agricultural knowledge with evolving best practices, ensuring the continuity of seed diversity adapted to local conditions.
A key function of CSBs is seed preservation and exchange. They provide for the collection of seeds from farmers, prioritizing varieties that have demonstrated superior local adaptation. Seeds are carefully cleaned, dried, and tested for viability before being stored—typically in clay pots in a simple building. The preserved seeds can be used in future planting seasons or distributed during droughts, floods, or pest outbreaks, thereby ensuring timely access to reliable seed material.
A CBS conserves and manages a diverse range of locally important crops including both cereals (sorghum and maize) and legumes (black grams, chickpeas, cowpeas, green grams, green peas, groundnuts, horse grams, red grams, and soybeans). Several traditional and improved cultivars of each crop are stored, selected on their performance under local conditions, including drought tolerance, pest and disease resistance, yield stability, and cultural preference. The quantity of seeds stored per cultivar ranges from 500 grams to 100 kilograms, depending on availability and community demand. For seed protection, both indigenous practices and materials such as wood ash, neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), and chili extract (Capsicum frutescens) are used to prevent pest infestation during storage, minimizing reliance on commercial pesticides.

Management of CSBs is local and participatory. They are generally governed by elected community committees that set the rules for deposit, withdrawal and replenishment. This governance structure ensures that the seed bank reflects the specific needs and knowledge systems of the community. Community engagement is not only vital for operational success but also fosters a sense of ownership and collective responsibility.
CSBs play a multifaceted role. They contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation by safeguarding traditional and wild crop varieties, which are invaluable for future breeding programs. Furthermore, they ensure that farmers can access seeds during critical periods. Additionally, CSBs promote sustainable agricultural practices by reducing reliance on commercial seed systems. They also help to document and share traditional farming knowledge.
The operational structure of a CSB begins with community mobilization and capacity-building focused on seed selection, handling, and storage. Infrastructure requirements are modest. Maintenance involves tasks such as viability testing to ensure the germination potential of stored seeds.
CSBs enhance the resilience of agricultural systems by enabling communities to recover swiftly from crop failures: they also reduce input costs. Furthermore, CSBs empower communities—particularly smallholder farmers and women. Moreover, these banks store vital genetic material for future research.
From a community perspective, the benefits are substantial. However, challenges remain. High initial investments in infrastructure and training are required, and ongoing success depends on strong community engagement and diligent record-keeping. Nevertheless, by preserving the genetic heritage of crops and empowering local communities, CSBs reduce contribute to food sovereignty

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

注明实施年份:

2024

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

JIVA – An Agroecology-Based Programme, Implementing Agency: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 保持/提高生物多样性
• 适应气候变化/极端天气及其影响
• 创造有益的经济影响
• 创造有益的社会影响

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 农林业

3.3 由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？

由于技术的实施，土地使用是否发生了变化？:

• 否（继续问题3.4）

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 混合雨水灌溉

注释:

Irrigation source: well, farm pond

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 病虫害综合管理（包括有机农业）
• 改良植物品种/动物品种
• 减少基于生态系统的灾害风险

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

The CSB includes permanent infrastructure (e.g., a small house or storage facility built with community effort) for the secure preservation and storage of seeds.

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

→ By conserving traditional seed varieties that require fewer external inputs, the CSB helps prevent soil and biodiversity degradation.

→ Promoting resilient, diverse, and low-input seed systems contributes to reducing ongoing degradation (e.g., fertility decline, loss of biodiversity).

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

具体说明成本和投入是如何计算的:

• 每个技术单元

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Indian Rupees

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

84.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Site selection for seed bank structure (within SHG household/community building)	February–March (before Rabi harvest)
2.	Construction/preparation of storage structure (room cleaning, plastering, shelf fixing)	March–April
3.	Procurement of local seed varieties	April–May (before monsoon/ Kharif sowing)
4.	Procurement and setup of seed storage containers (clay pots, glass jars, bags)	April–May (before onset of rain)
5.	Installation of racks, shelves, moisture absorbers	May
6.	Labelling of containers and organization of storage system	May–June
7.	Setup of documentation tools (register books, seed stock cards)	June (onset of monsoon)

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Trainer Fees	person days	1.0	2500.0	2500.0
设备	Furniture / Rack	pieces	10.0	800.0	8000.0
设备	Seed Store Jar and Bag	pieces	200.0	20.0	4000.0
植物材料	Purchase of seed	kg	50.0	450.0	22500.0
其它	Training food charges, materials, boards, exposure visit charges, register book, charts, etc.		1.0	8100.0	8100.0
技术建立所需总成本					45100.0
技术建立总成本，美元					536.9

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Project

注释:

Around 90-95% of costs were supported by the implementing project JIVA (NABARD), while the remaining was contributed by the community through local materials and voluntary labour

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Labour (e.g., supervision, helpers)	each cropping season
2.	Replacement of broken jars	as per need
3.	Labelling changes (charts, tags)	annually
4.	Equipment maintenance and repair	as per need

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Labour (e.g., supervision, helpers)	man-days	10.0	300.0	3000.0
设备	Replacement of broken jars	pieces	10.0	20.0	200.0
设备	Labelling changes (charts, tags)		5.0	300.0	1500.0
设备	Equipment maintenance and repair		1.0	2000.0	2000.0
植物材料			1.0
技术维护所需总成本					6700.0
技术维护总成本，美元					79.76

如果土地使用者负担的费用少于100%，请注明由谁负担其余费用:

Project (see above under Establishment)

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

1. Seed procurement and quality maintenance
2. Storage infrastructure (jars, bags, racks)
3. Training and capacity building for SHGs
4. Labelling and documentation materials
5. Community engagement and operational labour
6. Monitoring and evaluation activities
7. Exposure visits and knowledge sharing
8. Replacement and maintenance of storage materials

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

说明该技术是否专门应用于:

• 不相关

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

calcareous

5.4 水资源可用性和质量

水的盐度有问题吗？:

是

该区域正在发生洪水吗？:

否

5.5 生物多样性

关于生物多样性的注释和进一步规范:

The Community Seed Bank maintains and promotes high agrobiodiversity in the surrounding farming areas by preserving a wide range of traditional and locally adapted crop varieties. In total, over 30+ landraces/varieties across 2 cereals and 9 legumes/ pulses (sorghum, maize; green grams, chick peas, horse grams, cowpeas, red grams, green peas, black grams, soybeans and groundnuts) are being actively conserved and circulated in the local community. This contributes significantly to on-farm agrobiodiversity, improves ecosystem resilience, and reduces dependence on uniform commercial seed systems. The continued use and exchange of these seeds by farmers helps sustain crop diversity in the region.

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

用水权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

土地使用权是否基于传统的法律制度？:

是

具体说明:

Land is traditionally managed by village communities or panchayats, with individual families allocated specific plots for cultivation, based on customary rights and community norms.

注释:

Both formal titles and long-standing traditional practices often govern land and water use. Community seed bank activities are usually hosted on land provided by local institutions or SHGs with shared usage rights.

5.9 进入服务和基础设施的通道

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

水资源可用性和质量

收入和成本

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

生物多样性:植被、动物

减少气候和灾害风险

对现场影响的评估（测量）进行具体说明:

Estimates based on a mixture of science-based observations and expectations, and community-based local knowledge

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

对场外影响（测量）的评估进行具体说明:

Based on field observations, local knowledge, and documentation by SHG members.

Proxy indicators: changes in vegetation cover, crop diversity, seasonal water availability, soil health traits.

6.3 技术对渐变气候以及与气候相关的极端情况/灾害的暴露和敏感性（土地使用者认为的极端情况/灾害）

渐变气候

渐变气候

	季节	增加或减少	该技术是如何应对的？
年温度		增加	非常好
年降雨量		减少	非常好
季雨量	湿季/雨季	减少	非常好

气候有关的极端情况（灾害）

气象灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
局地雹灾	好
局地风暴	好

水文灾害

	该技术是如何应对的？
山洪暴发	适度
滑坡	适度

注释:

Community Seed Banks act as a resilient strategy by:
Ensuring timely seed availability during disasters.
Preserving genetic diversity to cope with stress.
Enhancing local adaptive capacity.

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 单例/实验

注释:

This submission is based on a single Community Seed Bank (CSB) unit located in Kumbharwadi village, which is the only seed bank supported under the project. While other CSBs may exist in Ahilyanagar block, they fall outside the scope of this analysis. The success of this model is inspiring interest in informal replication in nearby areas.

6.6 适应

最近是否对该技术进行了修改以适应不断变化的条件？:

否

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Access to quality seeds at lower or no cost
Empowers women and SHG members through training and leadership
Encourages community cooperation and local innovation
Reduces dependency on markets or middlemen
Preserves traditional, climate-resilient varieties

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Supports in-situ conservation of agrobiodiversity
Enhances community resilience to climate change
Promotes low-cost, sustainable, and decentralized seed systems
Offers a replicable and scalable model for other villages
Encourages gender equity and grassroots participation

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Lack of technical knowledge on seed preservation and storage	Provide regular training and capacity-building sessions
Risk of seed damage due to pests, moisture, or improper storage	Ensure proper infrastructure (airtight jars, dry room, pest-proofing)
Limited availability of diverse or improved seed varieties	Collaborate with agricultural universities, KVKs, and other seed networks
Difficulty in maintaining records and documentation	Assign trained SHG members; provide formats and digital tools if possible
Lack of continuous funding for maintenance and expansion	Link with government schemes, CSR funding, or community contribution models
Conflicts or poor participation among SHG members	Set clear guidelines and participatory rules; involve local leaders for mediation
Fear of crop failure from local varieties in some cases	Promote participatory varietal trials and mix traditional with improved seeds

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Limited institutional capacity for long-term sustainability	Integrate seed bank into local institutions (e.g., SHG federations, Panchayats); build leadership
Poor documentation and data management	Use standardized formats, digital tools, and provide training on record-keeping
Risk of genetic erosion due to poor selection or replacement of varieties	Develop clear varietal selection criteria; involve technical experts in curation
Low initial adoption by other community members	Conduct awareness campaigns, field demonstrations, and seed fairs
Dependency on external facilitators in early stages	Focus on capacity building, handover plans, and mentoring local champions
Inadequate monitoring and evaluation frameworks	Establish regular review mechanisms with community feedback and external support
Climate risks (e.g., drought, unseasonal rains) affecting seed regeneration	Promote drought/heat-tolerant varieties; staggered planting; maintain seed stock buffer

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.3 链接到网络上的相关信息

标题/说明:

Weblink

URL:

https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/fao_ilo/pdf/Other_docs/FAO/Community_Seed_Banks.pdf

标题/说明:

Weblink

URL:

http://pgrinformatics.nbpgr.ernet.in/onfc/onfcCSB.aspx

标题/说明:

Weblink

URL:

https://alliancebioversityciat.org/stories/community-seed-banks-empower-farmers-address-climate-risk-india

标题/说明:

Weblink

URL:

https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/797ba1b6-9640-43c7-a3ee-9cab7119dfa8