1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称（如相关）

Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Authority Board (MTPA) - 南非

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Restoration of degraded grazing land.

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

Investigation of veld to assess situation and extent of problem, evaluating causes and making recommendations to minimise the problem.
For a large area: Take soil samples and send for analysis to determine the type of grass seeds present and to assess the chemical composition of soil.
Recommend required treatment of soil, chemical as well as mechanical and what quantitative inputs are needed.
For duplex soils the addition of gypsum (communities use manure for organic matter) is recommended. The preparation phase of the soil is very important. Add necessary components (dung, etc.) and plant the seeds. Add some rocks on top of the soil for entrapment of nutrients (nutrients and water flow are enhanced).
It is important to take the grasses from the immediate area, because it might be found that grass from another area is not adapted for the specific area.
Dactyloctenium eagyptium, Sporobulus nites, Enteropgon monostachyuns and Cynodon dactylon will be suitable for duplex soils. Digitaria eriantha will be better after the soil has improved a bit.
For branch packing (preparation of site), the branches of encroached bushes (Ghurrie bush, Acacia exofialus, nelotica) are used.
The area should be fenced off.

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 在实验/研究期间

注释（项目类型等）:

From Institute for Reclamation Ecology from Potchefstroom University.

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

注释:

Main animal species and products: Dumphries - cattle, Mthethomusha & Sabiesands - game

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Soil erosion on lower laying duplex.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Low production of grasses - seen as an example by specialist.

Ranching: Dumphries - cattle and Mthethomusha & Sabiesands - game

Grazingland comments: Large number of cattle owners, with few cattle. Rich people will do damage.

Type of grazing system comments: Large number of cattle owners, with few cattle. Rich people will do damage.

Number of growing seasons per year: 1
Longest growing period in days: 180; Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Mar

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 区域封闭（停止使用，支持恢复）

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: management measures

Secondary measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures

Type of agronomic measures: manure / compost / residues, soil conditioners (lime, gypsum)

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion, Wg: gully erosion / gullying

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 修复/恢复严重退化的土地

注释:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rand

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

6.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Selected bush clearing (if necessary)	Before 1st rain
2.	Ripping	After 1st rain
3.	Branch packing (should not exclude sunlight - 50%)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Ripping	After 1st rain / Once
2.	Add organic material	After 1st rain / Once
3.	Packing of stones	After 2nd rain /

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Depending if you need fencing or not. Fencing is 50% of costs. Chemical treatment of soil is also very expensive.

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

关于地形的注释和进一步规范:

Slopes on average: Gentle for Sabiesand and Dumphries and moderate for Mthethomusha

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low

Topsoil organic matter: E-horizon expose in most cases

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor because there is a lot clay underneath E-horizon

Soil water storage capacity is very low in a degraded state

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: > 4%

100% of the land users are rich (People from Sabie Sand).
100% of the land users are poor (Dumphries, Mthethomusha).

Off-farm income specification: Impression - not sure. Sabiesands and Mthethomusha: both eco-tourism, going well (game increasing) and Dumphries just cattle. Parks board (Sabiesands) employ people from the community.

Market orientation of production system: Subsistence (self-supply) for Dumphries and Mthethomusha and commercial / market for Sabiesands (eco-tourism)

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 社区/村庄
• 个人，有命名

土地使用权:

• 社区（有组织）
• 个人

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

减少气候和灾害风险

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Job creation to community
Better quality grazing available
Initially getting attention - tourism with game

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Dung available (organic matter)
Provide income - people live on land
Job creation (1 time and eco-tourism) so ongoing How can they be sustained / enhanced? If you could do it on bigger areas it will be better
4 weeks (per ha) to implement
No maintenance (no costs) Not depended on rainfall

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Mechanical problems: not ripped deep enough you can experience problems
Need input from outside
Depending on knowledge from experts - expensive - need sponsor, from Government/other.
Laws not enough, slight increase of awareness under the farmers

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

First report - 2001