1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

是

1.5 参考关于SLM方法（使用WOCAT记录的SLM方法）的调查问卷

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

Combinations; cultivation & vegetative

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

The purpose of the rehabilitation includes an increase in production potential, vegetative cover and density, biodiversity, fodder for grazing and palatable grass species.

To establish this technology, cultivation of the denuded areas was done by dyker plough. Oversowing with a grass-seed mixture followed. The seeds (indigenous) were purchased from a seed-company. If woody encroachment species are available, place the branches on the cultivated area. No maintenance is necessary; the area is left as it is for 3 years with no grazing if possible (no grazing for cattle, but for game some grazing-areas are partly covered by branches no grazing).

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份，请说明大概的日期:

• 不到10年前（最近）

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:

• 通过项目/外部干预

注释（项目类型等）:

Land owners & agriculturist - extension

3.1 该技术的主要目的

• 改良生产
• 减少、预防、恢复土地退化

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

同一土地单元内混合使用的土地：:

是

具体说明混合土地使用（作物/放牧/树木）:

• 林牧业

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Bush encroachment, bare denuded land - open spaces

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Not productive for grazing land
Erosion
Low grass cover

Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: Yes

Ranching: Yes

Other grazingland: intensive grazing land

Forest products and services: timber, fuelwood, fruits and nuts, grazing / browsing, nature conservation / protection, recreation / tourism

Constraints of wastelands / deserts / glaciers / swamps

Constraints of recreation

Number of growing seasons per year: 1
Longest growing period in days: 180; Longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Mar

3.4 供水

该技术所应用土地的供水:

• 雨养

3.5 该技术所属的SLM组

• 改良的地面/植被覆盖
• 最小的土壤扰动

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

注释:

Main measures: agronomic measures, management measures

Secondary measures: vegetative measures, structural measures

Type of agronomic measures: contour tillage

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

注释:

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Main causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, overgrazing, poverty / wealth (Lack of captial - Not enough money to implement rehabilitation - higher inflation)

Secondary causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Climate), land tenure (Land subdivision - Land properties get smaller & less cost effective), education, access to knowledge and support services (Lack of knowledge)

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:

• 防止土地退化
• 减少土地退化

注释:

Also rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 该技术的技术图纸

4.2 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币（具体说明）:

Rand

如相关，注明美元与当地货币的汇率（例如1美元=79.9巴西雷亚尔）：1美元=:

6.0

4.3 技术建立活动

	活动	时间（季度）
1.	Dyker plough making hollows	Beginning of rainy season
2.	Sowing of perennial grass seeds (in hollows, waiting for rain)	Beginning of rainy season
3.	Fences	At beginning of project

4.4 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

	对投入进行具体说明	单位	数量	单位成本	每项投入的总成本	土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力	Ploughing and sowing	persons/day	60.0	8.0	480.0
设备	Machine use	ha	100.0	14.0	1400.0
植物材料	Seeds	ha	100.0	40.0	4000.0
技术建立所需总成本					5880.0
技术建立总成本，美元					980.0

注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 维护/经常性活动

	活动	时间/频率
1.	Dyker plough cultivation on contours	Start of growing season /
2.	Chopping of woody branches of encroaching species	Start of growing season /
3.	Bush packing on cultivated area	Beginning of season /1st season

4.6 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入（每年）

注释:

Machinery/ tools: Tractor & dyker plough implement

This costs are calculated for 100 ha
No additional fencing material costs.
Old fences used to enclose the treated area.
(+ R 4000 /km fencing costs if new (normal) fence is needed. For game fence R4000 for 300m)

4.7 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

No subsidies
Very labour intensive

5.1 气候

5.2 地形

5.3 土壤

如有可能，附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息，例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is very low - low

Soil drainage / infiltration is poor

Soil water storage capacity is very low - low

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

Annual population growth: < 0.5%

2% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
17% of the land users are poor.
30% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: Commercial
10-50% Communal, poor. Commercial - < 10%

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者使用的平均土地面积

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:

• 个人，有命名

• commercial

• commercial

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

收入和成本

其它社会经济效应

社会文化影响

生态影响

水循环/径流

土壤

其它生态影响

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何（从土地使用者的角度看）？

6.5 技术采用

• 11-50%

如若可行，进行量化（住户数量和/或覆盖面积）:

50 percent of the area

在所有采用这项技术的人当中，有多少人是自发的，即未获得任何物质奖励/付款？:

• 11-50%

注释:

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Farmers (land users) are more aware about land degradation and want to do something about it.
More in media

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
Increase grazing capacity, more fodder How can they be sustained / enhanced? Good & controlled management
Better & more income: meat, funds How can they be sustained / enhanced? Good & controlled management

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
Decrease bush encroachment and invasion of woody species How can they be sustained / enhanced? New growth of species must be controlled
Increase vegetation cover & density How can they be sustained / enhanced? Keep out grazing
Increase soil moisture & infiltration rate How can they be sustained / enhanced? Deep cultivation, cover by twigs/branches
Increase seed bank for whole area How can they be sustained / enhanced? Let the grasses sown - reproductive & make seed so that seed can be distributed by wind or animals

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险	如何克服它们？
Low cost/benefit rates in short term	Keep it up and don't get discouraged -see advantages over the long term
Need tractor & implements	Hire implements from Agriculture of other land users
Must have knowledge about the SWC technology	Ask technical & support by Agricultural extension or researches or other land users

7.1 信息的方法/来源

7.2 参考可用出版物

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Van der Merwe, JPA. MSc thesis. 1995.Soil conservation booklet

可以从哪里获得?成本如何?

Potchefstroom University

标题、作者、年份、ISBN:

Soil conservation booklet