1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Gamo Gofa Zone Rural Development Department - Ethiopia

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

It is an integrated land husbandary practice aimed at improving farm productivity of a household through the sustainable land resources development

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

t involves the practicing of various farming practices in order to increase the productivity of land and improve the livelihoods.

Purpose of the Technology: it is a technology which can improve farm productivity interms of biomass, food, farmers income and prevent the area from land degradation.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Constructing of the required SWC measures and undertake vegetative panting

Natural / human environment: increase biomass, productivity increase per unit area, improve soil fertility, reduce soil erosion, improve soil moisture content.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Developed in the country

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): loss of topsoil, reduction of soil fertility, population and livestock pressure, free grazing

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): shortage of farm land and grazing land, low productivity of land

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: wheat-bean-sweet potato-maize-barely-beans

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 185 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec Second longest growing period in days: 150 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jan - May

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• home gardens

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 3 m2.

the technology area is increasing from time to time due to its economical benefits has brought the farming community

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

Comments:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, improve feed and fodder source, change feeding habit

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize and beans
Remarks: 50,000/60,000

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: maize, with legumes/sweet potato
Remarks: 5-10 meters of strip width

Green manure
Material/ species: lupin and vetch

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: leaves/manure/ash

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1-2m

Grass species: Desho, elephant grass

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12.00%

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.3 m
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Bund/ bank: graded
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.2 m
Spacing between structures (m): 14
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.7
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 45
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.65
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 45 m

Construction material (earth): excavate from the channel and fill between stone walls

Construction material (stone): stone is collected from the field

Construction material (wood): wood is used for the construction of check dams

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 7%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 5%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Birr

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

8.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	seedling raising	Vegetative	on set of rain
2.	transplanting grass	Vegetative	during rainy season
3.	weed and cultivation	Vegetative	during rainy season
4.	surveying	Structural	dry season
5.	Digging channel	Structural	dry season
6.	bund construction	Structural	dry season
7.	bund stablization with grasses	Structural	rain season

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	220.0	220.0	48.0
Equipment	Tools	ha	1.0	45.0	45.0	50.0
Plant material	Seeds	ha	1.0	9.0	9.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Compost/manure	ha	1.0	68.0	68.0	100.0
Construction material	Stone	ha	1.0	4.0	4.0
Construction material	Sand	ha	1.0	1.5	1.5
Construction material	Cement	ha	1.0	3.0	3.0
Other	Others	ha	1.0	64.0	64.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					414.5

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	tillage	Agronomic	dry season / twice
2.	planting	Agronomic	on set of rainfall / once
3.	compost application	Agronomic	during planting / twice
4.	weeding	Agronomic	rainy season / twice
5.	harvest	Agronomic	end of season / once
6.	replanting of grass	Vegetative	mid of the rainy season /once
7.	cleaning the channel	Structural	before rains/annual
8.	maintenance of the broken part of the bund	Structural	before & after rains/twice a year

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	31.0	31.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					31.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: hoe, shovel, sickle, axe,

Some of the costs such as seedling planting, transportation and digging of pit is not included. A person can dig 75 pits/day and he can plant 50 seedlings/day

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Market flactuation for industrial product, labour cost, uneven distribution of rainfall

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility is low
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is medium-high

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
55% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
45% of the land users are poor and own 30% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: land user who work on SWC activities have more income because of the incentive they obtain for participation.
Level of mechanization is manual work (hoe) and animal traction (oxen)

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state

Land use rights:

• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Other socio-economic impacts

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Climate and disaster risk reduction

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

2534

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

362 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

2172 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: the technology has immediate return

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
improved soil fertility How can they be sustained / enhanced? practicing more of fertility enhancing techniques that use locally available material
soil erosion is controlled How can they be sustained / enhanced? biological and physical SWC activities increased and maintained
increased household income How can they be sustained / enhanced? biological and physical SWC activities increased and maintained
availability of animal feed How can they be sustained / enhanced? planting grass and fodder plants

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
it is a practice serving as model showing on how to integrate different options of technologies How can they be sustained / enhanced? focusing on techniques which enhance production
it is implemented on individual household basis How can they be sustained / enhanced? through developing self-help activities
interest has been developed on funding agencies

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
labour consuming	group formation and participation of all members of the family
physical structures occupied more land	increase the productivity of land per unit area and use vegetative measures
high input demand	maximum use of locally available inputs

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
labour and time consuming	participate all family members
incentive dependant	give incentives only for the needy