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Homestead Development [埃塞俄比亚]

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technologies_993 - 埃塞俄比亚

完整性: 71%

1. 一般信息

1.2 参与该技术评估和文件编制的资源人员和机构的联系方式

关键资源人

SLM专业人员:

Bernahu Kidist

Gamo Gofa Zone Rural Development Department

P.O.Box 9, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚

有助于对技术进行记录/评估的机构名称(如相关)
Gamo Gofa Zone Rural Development Department - 埃塞俄比亚

1.3 关于使用通过WOCAT记录的数据的条件

编制者和关键资源人员接受有关使用通过WOCAT记录数据的条件。:

2. SLM技术的说明

2.1 技术简介

技术定义:

It is an integrated land husbandary practice aimed at improving farm productivity of a household through the sustainable land resources development

2.2 技术的详细说明

说明:

t involves the practicing of various farming practices in order to increase the productivity of land and improve the livelihoods.

Purpose of the Technology: it is a technology which can improve farm productivity interms of biomass, food, farmers income and prevent the area from land degradation.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Constructing of the required SWC measures and undertake vegetative panting

Natural / human environment: increase biomass, productivity increase per unit area, improve soil fertility, reduce soil erosion, improve soil moisture content.

2.3 技术照片

2.5 已应用该技术的、本评估所涵盖的国家/地区/地点

国家:

埃塞俄比亚

区域/州/省:

Southern Nation & Nationalitie Peoples Region (SNNPR)

有关地点的进一步说明:

Boreda Woreda

2.6 实施日期

如果不知道确切的年份,请说明大概的日期:
  • 不到10年前(最近)

2.7 技术介绍

详细说明该技术是如何引入的:
  • 通过项目/外部干预
注释(项目类型等):

Developed in the country

3. SLM技术的分类

3.1 该技术的主要目的

  • 改良生产

3.2 应用该技术的当前土地利用类型

农田

农田

  • 一年一作
  • 多年一作(非木材)
主要农作物(经济作物及粮食作物):

Major cash crop annual cropping: Maize, Barley
Major food crop annual cropping: sweet potato, taro
Major cash crop Perennial (non-woody) cropping: coffee, apple
Major food crop Perennial (non-woody) cropping: enset

混合(作物/放牧/树木),包括农林

混合(作物/放牧/树木),包括农林

  • 农林业
  • 林牧业
主要产品/服务:

Other grazingland: Free grazing

Other grazingland: Stall feeding

注释:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): loss of topsoil, reduction of soil fertility, population and livestock pressure, free grazing

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): shortage of farm land and grazing land, low productivity of land

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: wheat-bean-sweet potato-maize-barely-beans

3.3 有关土地利用的更多信息

该技术所应用土地的供水:
  • 雨养
每年的生长季节数:
  • 2
具体说明:

Longest growing period in days: 185 Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - Dec Second longest growing period in days: 150 Second longest growing period from month to month: Jan - May

3.4 该技术所属的SLM组

  • 家庭花园

3.5 技术传播

注释:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 3 m2.

the technology area is increasing from time to time due to its economical benefits has brought the farming community

3.6 包含该技术的可持续土地管理措施

3.7 该技术强调的主要土地退化类型

土壤水蚀

土壤水蚀

  • Wt:表土流失/地表侵蚀
  • Wg:冲沟侵蚀/沟蚀
化学性土壤退化

化学性土壤退化

  • Cn:肥力下降和有机质含量下降(非侵蚀所致)
注释:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 防止、减少或恢复土地退化

具体数量名该技术与土地退化有关的目标:
  • 减少土地退化
  • 修复/恢复严重退化的土地
注释:

Main goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4. 技术规范、实施活动、投入和成本

4.2 技术规范/技术图纸说明

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: increase in soil fertility

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, improve feed and fodder source, change feeding habit

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Material/ species: maize and beans
Remarks: 50,000/60,000

Contour planting / strip cropping
Material/ species: maize, with legumes/sweet potato
Remarks: 5-10 meters of strip width

Green manure
Material/ species: lupin and vetch

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: leaves/manure/ash

Aligned: -contour
Vegetative material: G : grass
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1-2m

Grass species: Desho, elephant grass

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 12.00%

Bund/ bank: level
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.3 m
Spacing between structures (m): 15
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 50
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.6
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Bund/ bank: graded
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.2 m
Spacing between structures (m): 14
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.6
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.7
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 45
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.65
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 0.5
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 45 m

Construction material (earth): excavate from the channel and fill between stone walls

Construction material (stone): stone is collected from the field

Construction material (wood): wood is used for the construction of check dams

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 7%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 5%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 0%

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

4.3 有关投入和成本计算的一般信息

其它/国家货币(具体说明):

Birr

注明美元与当地货币的汇率(如相关):1美元=:

8.0

注明雇用劳工的每日平均工资成本:

0.70

4.4 技术建立活动

活动 措施类型 时间
1. seedling raising 植物性的 on set of rain
2. transplanting grass 植物性的 during rainy season
3. weed and cultivation 植物性的 during rainy season
4. surveying 结构性的 dry season
5. Digging channel 结构性的 dry season
6. bund construction 结构性的 dry season
7. bund stablization with grasses 结构性的 rain season

4.5 技术建立所需要的费用和投入

对投入进行具体说明 单位 数量 单位成本 每项投入的总成本 土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力 Labour ha 1.0 220.0 220.0 48.0
设备 Tools ha 1.0 45.0 45.0 50.0
植物材料 Seeds ha 1.0 9.0 9.0
肥料和杀菌剂 Compost/manure ha 1.0 68.0 68.0 100.0
施工材料 Stone ha 1.0 4.0 4.0
施工材料 Sand ha 1.0 1.5 1.5
施工材料 Cement ha 1.0 3.0 3.0
其它 Others ha 1.0 64.0 64.0
技术建立所需总成本 414.5
注释:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 维护/经常性活动

活动 措施类型 时间/频率
1. tillage 农业学的 dry season / twice
2. planting 农业学的 on set of rainfall / once
3. compost application 农业学的 during planting / twice
4. weeding 农业学的 rainy season / twice
5. harvest 农业学的 end of season / once
6. replanting of grass 植物性的 mid of the rainy season /once
7. cleaning the channel 结构性的 before rains/annual
8. maintenance of the broken part of the bund 结构性的 before & after rains/twice a year

4.7 维护/经常性活动所需要的费用和投入(每年)

对投入进行具体说明 单位 数量 单位成本 每项投入的总成本 土地使用者承担的成本%
劳动力 Labour ha 1.0 31.0 31.0 100.0
技术维护所需总成本 31.0
注释:

Machinery/ tools: hoe, shovel, sickle, axe,

Some of the costs such as seedling planting, transportation and digging of pit is not included. A person can dig 75 pits/day and he can plant 50 seedlings/day

4.8 影响成本的最重要因素

描述影响成本的最决定性因素:

Market flactuation for industrial product, labour cost, uneven distribution of rainfall

5. 自然和人文环境

5.1 气候

年降雨量
  • < 250毫米
  • 251-500毫米
  • 501-750毫米
  • 751-1,000毫米
  • 1,001-1,500毫米
  • 1,501-2,000毫米
  • 2,001-3,000毫米
  • 3,001-4,000毫米
  • > 4,000毫米
农业气候带
  • 半湿润

LGP is 185 days

5.2 地形

平均坡度:
  • 水平(0-2%)
  • 缓降(3-5%)
  • 平缓(6-10%)
  • 滚坡(11-15%)
  • 崎岖(16-30%)
  • 陡峭(31-60%)
  • 非常陡峭(>60%)
地形:
  • 高原/平原
  • 山脊
  • 山坡
  • 山地斜坡
  • 麓坡
  • 谷底
垂直分布带:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.

5.3 土壤

平均土层深度:
  • 非常浅(0-20厘米)
  • 浅(21-50厘米)
  • 中等深度(51-80厘米)
  • 深(81-120厘米)
  • 非常深(> 120厘米)
土壤质地(表土):
  • 中粒(壤土、粉土)
  • 细粒/重质(粘土)
表土有机质:
  • 低(<1%)
如有可能,附上完整的土壤描述或具体说明可用的信息,例如土壤类型、土壤酸碱度、阳离子交换能力、氮、盐度等。:

Soil fertility is low
Soil drainage/infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is medium-high

5.6 应用该技术的土地使用者的特征

生产系统的市场定位:
  • 生计(自给)
  • 混合(生计/商业
非农收入:
  • 低于全部收入的10%
相对财富水平:
  • 贫瘠
  • 平均水平
机械化水平:
  • 手工作业
  • 畜力牵引
说明土地使用者的其他有关特征:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
55% of the land users are average wealthy and own 70% of the land.
45% of the land users are poor and own 30% of the land.
Off-farm income specification: land user who work on SWC activities have more income because of the incentive they obtain for participation.
Level of mechanization is manual work (hoe) and animal traction (oxen)

5.7 应用该技术的土地使用者拥有或租用的平均土地面积

  • < 0.5 公顷
  • 0.5-1 公顷
  • 1-2 公顷
  • 2-5公顷
  • 5-15公顷
  • 15-50公顷
  • 50-100公顷
  • 100-500公顷
  • 500-1,000公顷
  • 1,000-10,000公顷
  • > 10,000公顷

5.8 土地所有权、土地使用权和水使用权

土地所有权:
土地使用权:
  • 个人

6. 影响和结论性说明

6.1 该技术的现场影响

社会经济效应

生产

作物生产

降低
增加
注释/具体说明:

during good time

饲料生产

降低
增加

饲料质量

降低
增加

木材生产

降低
增加

生产区域

降低
增加

土地管理

妨碍
简化
收入和成本

农业收入

降低
增加
注释/具体说明:

during good time

经济差异

增加
降低

工作量

增加
降低
其它社会经济效应

Input constraints

increased
decreased

社会文化影响

SLM/土地退化知识

减少
改良

生态影响

水循环/径流

地表径流

增加
降低
SLM之前的数量:

60

SLM之后的数量:

28

土壤

土壤水分

降低
增加
注释/具体说明:

Can lead to waterlogging

土壤覆盖层

减少
改良

土壤流失

增加
降低
SLM之前的数量:

43

SLM之后的数量:

2

减少气候和灾害风险

风速

增加
降低
其它生态影响

Biodiversity

decreased
increased

Soil fertility

decreased
increased

6.2 该技术的场外影响已经显现

旱季稳定可靠的水流

减少
增加

下游洪水

增加
减少

下游淤积

增加
降低

地下水/河流污染

增加
减少

6.4 成本效益分析

技术收益与技术建立成本相比如何(从土地使用者的角度看)?
短期回报:

稍微积极

长期回报:

积极

技术收益与技术维护成本/经常性成本相比如何(从土地使用者的角度看)?
短期回报:

积极

长期回报:

非常积极

6.5 技术采用

如若可行,进行量化(住户数量和/或覆盖面积):

2534

在所有采用这项技术的人当中,有多少人是自发地采用该技术,即未获得任何物质奖励/付款?:
  • 90-100%
注释:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

362 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

2172 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: survey results

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: the technology has immediate return

6.7 该技术的优点/长处/机会

土地使用者眼中的长处/优势/机会
improved soil fertility

How can they be sustained / enhanced? practicing more of fertility enhancing techniques that use locally available material
soil erosion is controlled

How can they be sustained / enhanced? biological and physical SWC activities increased and maintained
increased household income

How can they be sustained / enhanced? biological and physical SWC activities increased and maintained
availability of animal feed

How can they be sustained / enhanced? planting grass and fodder plants
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的长处/优势/机会
it is a practice serving as model showing on how to integrate different options of technologies

How can they be sustained / enhanced? focusing on techniques which enhance production
it is implemented on individual household basis

How can they be sustained / enhanced? through developing self-help activities
interest has been developed on funding agencies

6.8 技术的弱点/缺点/风险及其克服方法

土地使用者认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
labour consuming group formation and participation of all members of the family
physical structures occupied more land increase the productivity of land per unit area and use vegetative measures
high input demand maximum use of locally available inputs
编制者或其他关键资源人员认为的弱点/缺点/风险 如何克服它们?
labour and time consuming participate all family members
incentive dependant give incentives only for the needy

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