1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Scaling-up SLM practices by smallholder farmers (IFAD)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Switzerland

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

12/05/2017

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

Comments:

The protected vegetation where the bees are installed restores the environment since its not cultivated over and over again.

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Modern bee hives are installed on natural trees in order to conserve the environment and provide honey and income.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Apiculture is a non-problematic enterprise promoted by small-scale farmers. Beehives are hanged by the land user on trees for purposes of conservation and obtaining income from the sale of honey. The technology is located on a gentle slope (3-5%) of 3 acres of land with 150 bee hives installed. The trees produce flowers from which bees collect nectar to make honey. The activities involved in the establishment include making or acquiring improved beehives, installing the hives, and buying honey-harvesting equipment. In addition, there are maintenance activities which are; the inspection of the hives for damages, repair of damaged hives, periodic harvesting of honey, clearing overgrowth within the apiary and marketing the honey. The inputs required for establishing such a technology include labour for bush clearing, placing the beehives within trees and construction of fire lines. Other inputs are beehives, a bee suit, smoker, bucket, filtering materials and bottles. These inputs require a lot of money. The benefits from this SLM technology are slightly negative due to the high costs of labour at the time of establishment but positive in the long term due to environmental conservation, provision of honey and income from the sale of honey and to some extent reduction in land cover depletion since no cultivation takes place where the bee hives are installed. The bees also play an important role in the well being of the ecosystem through pollinating flowers of plants within their reach.
The technology is easy to manage once established, because it does not require routine activities like weeding, spraying and watering. For other land users who may need to adopt this technology, they need to seek advice from extension agents on how to install the beehives.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.4 Videos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2013

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The land user started on his own and later he got support with trainings from other development programs e.g. the Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF) and Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) / NAADS (National Agricultural Advisory Services).

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

August and March. Depending on the season.

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• agroforestry
• beekeeping, aquaculture, poultry, rabbit farming, silkworm farming, etc.

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comments:

The land user is utilizing 3 acres of land currently for apiary.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

The land user is establishing fire lines to keep away wild bush fires and making regular inspection of bee hives.

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• adapt to land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

The technology is installed on a gentle slope (3-5%) located on a 3 acres of land with 150 bee hives.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

UGX

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

3400.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Installing bee hives location	Structural	Once before establishment,
2.	Construction of hives (traditional and modern)	Structural	Before establishment
3.	Place hives on forests or trees	Structural	Before establishment

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Hired labour (installation)	persons	5.0	5000.0	25000.0
Equipment	Bee hives	Pieces	16.0	90000.0	1440000.0
Other	Transport	pick up	1.0	20000.0	20000.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					1485000.0

Comments:

Modern hives are more expensive than local hives.

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Clearing around the apiary	Management	Once a year
2.	Hive inspection	Management	After every two weeks
3.	Repair of damaged hives	Structural	Once after 2 years
4.	Regular checking of hives	Management	Regularly
5.	Filter honey from curbs to seprate wax	Management	At the time of harvesting

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Hired labour	persons	5.0	5000.0	25000.0
Equipment	Timber	Pieces	2.0	10000.0	20000.0
Equipment	Nails	kgs	2.0	7000.0	14000.0
Equipment	Wires	kgs	100.0	2000.0	200000.0
Equipment	buckets	Pieces	5.0	15000.0	75000.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					334000.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Modern bee hives are the most expensive and the costs of labour.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• concave situations

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

Nee

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Nee

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

The quality is good: land user uses bore hole water.

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

The land user is a hard working farmer and he is planning to plant trees in addition to the apiary technology and to start livestock (zero grazing) for animal manure production. The land user uses rudimentary tools (hoe, panga) for his agricultural production.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)

Comments:

The water is low during the dry season.

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	moderately
seasonal temperature	wet/ rainy season	increase	moderately
annual rainfall		decrease	moderately
seasonal rainfall	wet/ rainy season	decrease	moderately

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	moderately

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

At start the costs of establishment are high and reduce with time instead reaps alot of profits from the sales.

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 0-10%

Comments:

In the short run, the technology requires money to purchase modern bee hives at a costs of UGX 150,000 each.

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Ja

If yes, indicate to which changing conditions it was adapted:

• changing markets

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

The land user started with local bee hives- later adopted use of modern bee hives from NAAD's.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Source of income with good market locally.
Its a source of employment for family members and those in the community.
Easy to manage once established. Does not have routine activities like weeding, spraying and watering. There for easy to manage.
Can be easily replicated by other land users with less or similar size of land else where.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
The technology does not require alot of labour once established.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
The apiary is near home stead and bees can bite people.	Relocating some bee hives which are too near.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
The technology is a long term benefit: The land user need to Integrate other SLM practices for quick income	promoting zero grazing for manure and other products.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information