Technologies

Franja Ribereña [Ecuador]

Franja Ribereña

technologies_3278 - Ecuador

Completeness: 90%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

land user:

Ecuador

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Decision Support for Mainstreaming and Scaling out Sustainable Land Management (GEF-FAO / DS-SLM)
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Ministerio de Ambiente y Agua Ecuador (MAAE) - Ecuador
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Ecuador (MAG) - Ecuador
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)
Organización de la Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura Ecuador (FAO Ecuador) - Ecuador

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/10/2017

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Ja

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

Nee

Comments:

Práctica ancestral en la zona

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Franja Ribereña

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Franja ribereña a cada lado de la quebrada, una longitud de 1 km y 10 m de ancho a cada lado, se lo puede hacer mediante regeneración natural o regeneración asistida, para este caso se tomará el ejemplo de regeneración natural para lo cual se necesita hacer una protección física con postes vivos o de madera y alambre de púas para evitar el ingreso de animales. El alambrado debe tener 4 hileras de alambre y los postes ubicados cada 3 m de distanciamiento

La vegetación ribereña es aquella que ocupa las riberas de los ríos, en ocasiones extendiéndose hasta las planicies de inundación adyacentes a los cursos de agua.

Está demostrado el papel de este tipo de vegetación como un amortiguador de las influencias que provienen desde zonas extra ribereñas, dominadas por actividades agropecuarias, forestales, industriales y asentamientos humanos. Se considera que estas franjas ribereñas están implicadas en el control de los caudales, evitando que ellos aumenten fuertemente tras lluvias intensas, o que disminuyan drásticamente en verano, en comparación a lugares donde no existe este tipo de cobertura vegetal. Por otro lado están implicadas en la retención de sedimentos y nutrientes que de otra forma generarían una mayor turbidez en el agua de los arroyos. Las franjas ribereñas también sirven como reguladores de la temperatura de los cursos de agua, creando las condiciones propicias para las poblaciones de peces, crustáceos e insectos acuáticos.
Diversas especies de aves, mamíferos y anfibios hacen uso de los corredores ribereños que aún persisten, proveyendo hábitat y conectividad para poblaciones de animales dispersas.
Asimismo, las franjas ribereñas están asociadas a un efecto filtro sobre los patógenos microbianos, se produce una disminución en la cantidad de coliformes totales y fecales a medida que el agua fluye bajo la superficie del suelo hacia los arroyos, tanto en la zona no saturada de agua, así como en la zona saturada correspondiente a la capa freática subterránea.

Los agricultores gusta de esta tecnologías porque les ayuda a mitigar la erosión de los suelos y con ello evitar la pérdida de los nutrientes. La tecnología es aplicada también para retener, en las raíces de las plantas, el agua proveniente de la lluvia la cual se infiltra y se incorpora a las vertientes de forma paulatina.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Ecuador

Region/ State/ Province:

Cantón Celicia, Provincia de Loja

Further specification of location:

San Juan de Pozul

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

1980

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • preserve/ improve biodiversity
  • reduce risk of disasters
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
  • mitigate climate change and its impacts
  • create beneficial economic impact
  • create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

Cropland

  • Tree and shrub cropping
Waterways, waterbodies, wetlands

Waterways, waterbodies, wetlands

  • Drainage lines, waterways
  • Ponds, dams
  • Swamps, wetlands

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • mixed rainfed-irrigated
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 2

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • area closure (stop use, support restoration)
  • water harvesting
  • ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • evenly spread over an area
If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:
  • 1-10 km2

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

management measures

management measures

  • M1: Change of land use type
  • M2: Change of management/ intensity level

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by water

soil erosion by water

  • Wt: loss of topsoil/ surface erosion
  • Wr: riverbank erosion
chemical soil deterioration

chemical soil deterioration

  • Cp: soil pollution
biological degradation

biological degradation

  • Bh: loss of habitats
water degradation

water degradation

  • Ha: aridification
  • Hg: change in groundwater/aquifer level
  • Hp: decline of surface water quality
  • Hq: decline of groundwater quality
  • Hw: reduction of the buffering capacity of wetland areas

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • reduce land degradation
  • restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

Author:

https://condesan.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Ganader%C3%ADa-Sostenible-NO-Pichincha_web_final-1.pdf

Date:

20/07/2020

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

La franja se estableció a lo largo de 1 km aproximadamente siguiendo el cauce y dirección de aguas desde la parte alta a las partes media y baja. Se considera un margen de 10 metros cada uno de los cauces de la franja ribereña a protegerse para favorecer la regeneración natural y el mantenimiento de la cubierta vegetal con arboles y arbustos.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology area
Indicate size and area unit:

Franja de 1 km de largo con ancho de 20 metros

If using a local area unit, indicate conversion factor to one hectare:

2 ha

Specify currency used for cost calculations:
  • US Dollars
Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

15 USD

4.4 Establishment activities

Activity Type of measure Timing
1. Limpieza de terreno Vegetative None
2. Transporte de materiales Structural None
3. Elaboración de hoyado Structural None
4. Colocación de postes Vegetative None
5. Colocación de alambre Structural None
6. None Structural None

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Limpieza de terreno jornal 4.0 15.0 60.0 100.0
Labour Transporte de materiales jornal 2.0 15.0 30.0 20.0
Labour Hoyado jornal 7.0 15.0 105.0 100.0
Labour Colocación de postes jornal 6.0 15.0 90.0 100.0
Equipment Alambre jornal 5.0 15.0 75.0 100.0
Equipment Alambre de púas de 500 m rollo 5.0 14.0 70.0 100.0
Equipment Postes de madera de la zona poste de 2 m 400.0 10.0 4000.0
Equipment None None 15.0 60.0 900.0
Equipment None None 2.0 30.0 60.0 100.0
Equipment None None 3.0 15.0 45.0 100.0
Equipment None None 3.0 15.0 45.0 100.0
Plant material None None 2222.0 0.25 555.5
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 6035.5
If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

Apoyo de Gobierno local

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Type of measure Timing/ frequency
1. Limpieza de terreno Agronomic anualmente
2. Transporte de materiales Vegetative anualmente
3. Hoyado Structural anualmente
4. Colocación de postes anualmente
5. Colocación de alambre anualmente
Comments:

Se hace referencia a la anualidad de las actividades debido al mantenimiento previsto cada 12 meses

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Limpieza de terreno jornal 2.0 15.0 30.0 100.0
Labour Cambio de postes jornal 3.0 15.0 45.0 100.0
Labour Cambio de alambre jornal
Labour Alambre de púas rollo
Equipment Postes de madera postes 2 m 1.0 60.0 60.0 100.0
Plant material None None 100.0 0.25 25.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 160.0
If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

Apoyo del Gobierno local

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

El grado de afectación de la estructura implementada. Los daños mucha de las veces son ocasionados por personas desaprensivas de la zona.

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Specify average annual rainfall (if known), in mm:

912.00

Agro-climatic zone
  • semi-arid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • concave situations

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
  • coarse/ light (sandy)
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • medium (1-3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

< 5 m

Availability of surface water:

medium

Water quality (untreated):

for agricultural use only (irrigation)

Is water salinity a problem?

Nee

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Nee

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • medium
Habitat diversity:
  • medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial
Off-farm income:
  • less than 10% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • poor
  • average
Individuals or groups:
  • individual/ household
  • groups/ community
Level of mechanization:
  • manual work
  • animal traction
Gender:
  • women
  • men
Age of land users:
  • middle-aged
  • elderly

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
  • small-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • individual, titled
Land use rights:
  • communal (organized)
Water use rights:
  • communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
drinking water and sanitation:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

crop production

decreased
increased
Water availability and quality

drinking water availability

decreased
increased

water availability for livestock

decreased
increased

irrigation water availability

decreased
increased

Socio-cultural impacts

SLM/ land degradation knowledge

reduced
improved

conflict mitigation

worsened
improved

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

water quantity

decreased
increased
Quantity before SLM:

1 pulgada

Quantity after SLM:

2 pulgadas

water quality

decreased
increased

surface runoff

increased
decreased

excess water drainage

reduced
improved

evaporation

increased
decreased
Soil

soil moisture

decreased
increased

soil cover

reduced
improved

soil loss

increased
decreased

soil compaction

increased
reduced

nutrient cycling/ recharge

decreased
increased
Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Vegetation cover

decreased
increased

plant diversity

decreased
increased

animal diversity

decreased
increased

habitat diversity

decreased
increased
Climate and disaster risk reduction

flood impacts

increased
decreased

drought impacts

increased
decreased

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

water availability

decreased
increased

reliable and stable stream flows in dry season

reduced
increased

downstream flooding

increased
reduced

downstream siltation

increased
decreased

buffering/ filtering capacity

reduced
improved

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Climatological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
heatwave very well
drought very well
forest fire moderately
Hydrological disasters
How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood moderately
flash flood well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

neutral/ balanced

Long-term returns:

positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • 1-10%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 0-10%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Nee

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Almacenamiento natural de agua en períodos de lluvia para usarse en época seca
Valoración de productores y oportunidad de replicar la actividad en zonas aledañas
Práctica ancestral con funcionalidad probada por generaciones
Almacenamiento natural de agua en períodos de lluvia para usarse en época seca
Almacenamiento natural de agua en períodos de lluvia para usarse en época seca
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Amortiguador de las influencias provienientes desde zonas extra ribereñas
Control de caudales
Retención de sedimentos y nutrientes
Reguladores de la temperatura de los cursos de agua
Provee hábitat y conectividad para poblaciones de animales dispersas.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
Riesgo de daños por personas desaprensivas
Desplazamiento de otras tecnologías como uso de geomembrana
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
Requiere importante mano de obra

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys
  • interviews with SLM specialists/ experts
  • compilation from reports and other existing documentation

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

Recomendaciones para el diseño de Franjas Ribereñas

URL:

https://www.uach.cl/externos/epicforce/pdf/boletin_recomen_zmc.pdf

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