وصف موجز لأفضل ممارسة

The best practice is addressed how to generate sustainable livelihoods in the Mongolian herder economy. Sustainable rural livelihoods depend on the sustainability
of economic, social, environmental and institutional factors and investigates whether technical solutions exist to reduce pasture degradation and desertification, such as
restoring proper seasonal movements, resting and other improvements to pastures, can make underused pastureland available via investments in roads and water points,
haymaking and fencing, etc. These techniques and practices are described in detail, and many are shown to contribute positively to pasture health and productivity.|

الموقع

Zavkhan aimag, Arkhangai aimag, Tov aimag, Selenge aimag, Dundgobi aimag, Dornod aimag, Dornogobi aimag|

إذا كان للموقع حدود معروفة جيدًا، حدد امتداده بالهكتارات:

5840562.0

تقدير عدد السكان المقيمين في الموقع:

43250.0

وصف موجز للبيئة الطبيعية ضمن الموقع المحدد.

The 9 aimags located in different regions of Mongolia. The climate in these aimags is continental climate with long, cold winters and short summers, during which most precipitation falls. The country averages 257 cloudless days a year, and it is usually at the center of a region of high atmospheric pressure. Precipitation is highest in the north, which averages 20 to 35 centimeters per year, and lowest in the south, which receives 10 to 20 centimeters. |
The topography of Mongolia consists mainly of a plateau with the elevation ranging from 914 and 1524 m (about 3000 and 5000 ft) broken by mountain ranges in the north and west. The Altai Mountains in the southwest rise to heights above 4267 m (14,000 ft). The Gobi covers a wide arid tract in the central and southeastern areas. The most important rivers are the Selenge Mörön and its tributary, the Orhon Gol, in the north. Large lakes include the Har Us, Hyargas, Uvs, and Hövsgöl.
Soil in Mongolia has been divided into the following:
   1. Black soil is found in Khangai, Khentii, Khovsgol provinces, Mongol Altai and Ih Hyangan Mountain ranges, and the in the Orhon, Selenge, Onon and Ulz river valleys which are in the forest steppe region.
   2. Brown soil is in the forest steppe and steppe region |

الظروف الاجتماعية والاقتصادية السائدة للسكان الذين يقطنون الموقع و/أو قريبًا منه

Mongolian Land Law adopted in 2002 and Constitution (1992) recognises the state ownership of pastures, forests, and subsoil and water resources, thus making private ownership of these resources impossible.The Law on Land provides rights for ownership, possession, use and limited use. Possession rights may be held by citizens, economic entities and organisations for up to 60 years, with the right to extension for additional periods of 40 years. |
Average income in these aimags is $150 per person.
Main income source is livestock breeding and small crop and vegetable growing.

على أساس أي من المعايير و/أو المؤشر (المؤشرات) (التي لا تتعلق بالاستراتيجية) تم اعتبار الممارسات والتقنيات المناسبة على أنها "أفضل"؟

The approach could play very important role to combat desertification in Mongolia. So the approach considered as the best.

المشكلات الرئيسية التي تمت معالجتها من خلال أفضل الممارسات

The herdsman's understanding about the importance of use of the approach-collective actions.

حدد المشكلات الخاصة بتدهور التربة والتي تمت معالجتها من خلال أفضل الممارسات

The transition to the market economy led to a sharp rise in the number of herders, as well as animals. It leads to overgrazing and Land degradation. The traditional methods to use the pastureland sustainably had lost during the transition period. This is the problems addressed by the practice. |

حدد أهداف أفضل الممارسات

1. To assist the herder groups in their establishment and further growing
2. To assist local administrations to provide services to the herder groups.

وصف مختصر للأنشطة الرئيسية، ,وفق الأهداف

Activities are mostly undertaken by Pasture-User Groups with support from their local governments. The project assisted to the local Governments for providing the services.
The project "Green gold" assisted the herders in the areas of the project. During the project implementing period there were established 189 pasture user groups.

وصف موجز للتقنية ومواصفاتها الفنية

The establishment and consolidating of Pasture-User groups were carried out with the assistance of local Governments. Establishment of new herder groups and provide trainings for them. The national institutions conducted research activities, studies, and trainings whenever the expertise existed “in-house”, instead on relying systematically on external specialists.|

اسم وعنوان المؤسسة التي تقوم بتطوير التقنية

Mongolian Society for Range Management|Ikh toiruu-49,
Bayanzurkh district, 12th microdistrict
Ulaanbatar, Mongolia
Phone: +976 11 70151458
E-mail: dorligsuren@greengold.mn
http://www.msrm.mn

هل تم تطوير التقنية بالشراكة؟

نعم

في حالة الإجابة بنعم، فاسرد الشركاء:

Green gold project, financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation|

حدد إطار العمل الذي تم من خلاله تطوير التقنية

• المبادرة الوطنية - التي لا تقودها الحكومة

هل ساهمت مشاركة الجهات المعنية المحلية، بما في ذلك منظمات المجتمع المدني في تعزيز عملية تطوير التقنية؟

نعم

في حالة الإجابة بنعم، اسرد الجهات المعنية المحلية المشاركة:

1. Herders and pasture user groups
2. Local governments

بالنسبة للجهات المعنية المدرجة أعلاه، حدد دورهم في التصميم، والتقديم، واستخدام وصيانة التقنية، إن وجدت.

1. The herders groups were involved in test and use of the approaches.
2. Local Governments considered the approaches as a tool to solve the problems and played role to encourage the introducing of the collective actions of the herders' groups.

هل شارك السكان القاطنون في هذا الموقع و/أو قريبًا منه في تطوير التقنية؟

نعم

بواسطة ماذا؟:

• المناهج التشاركية

صف الآثار على المكان (التأثيران الرئيسيان حسب الفئة)

The income of herders had increased.
Herders started to cooperate in preparing of fodders, harvesting of grasses, protecting of natural springs etc|
Local Governments services to the herder groups had improved.

صف الأثرين الرئيسيين خارج الموقع (أي التي لا تحدث في الموقع ولكن في المناطق المحيطة)

The local Governments in neighboring aimags started ti interest the establishment of pasture user groups.
Herders in neighboring soums were interested and motivated to establish herders' groups and cooperate.

الأثر على التنوع البيولوجي والتغير المناخي

اشرح الأسباب:

It is bit early to talk about the impacts on climate change mitigation.
It is bit early to talk about the impacts on biodiversity.
As result of the climate change the herders face natural disasters such as hard winter or hot summer which influence on their living. So they need to cooperate and make joints actions.

هل تم إجراء تحليل التكلفة والعائد؟

هل تم إجراء تحليل التكلفة والعائد؟:

كلا

هل تم نشر/تقديم التقنية إلى مواقع أخرى؟

هل تم نشر/تقديم التقنية إلى مواقع أخرى؟:

نعم

في حالة الإجابة بنعم، إلى أين؟:

The approach was placed on the web site of MONCAT for public information

هل يمكنك تحديد الظروف الرئيسية الثلاثة التي أدت إلى نجاح أفضل الممارسات/التقنية المقدمة؟

Due to climate change the herders face challenges i.e severe winter, hot summer. This condition led to the sucessful implementation of the approach.|
As result of the cooperation the herders' income will be increased

قابلية التكرار

في رأيك، هل يمكن تكرار أفضل الممارسات/التقنية التي اقترحتها في أماكن أخرى، وإن كان ذلك مع بعض التغيير؟:

نعم

المتعلقة بالموارد البشرية

In order to successfully introduce the best practice well trained specialists.

المتعلقة بالجوانب المالية

In order to facilitate the establishment of the herder groups there should be some kind of funds.