1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج

اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Central Asian Countries Initiative for Land Management (CACILM I)

اسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - ألمانيا

1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT

متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:

23/08/2009

يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:

نعم

1.4 المراجع الخاصة باستبيان(استبيانات) تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

2.1 وصف موجز للنهج

Protection and rehabilitation of state forests based on joint long term agreements set up between the State Forestry Agency, and local forest users (in the frame of CACILM).

2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج

وصف تفصيلي للنهج:

Aims / objectives: In Soviet times, the Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region (GBAO) had been highly dependent on subsidised fuel for heating and cooking. After independence, as fuel could no longer be imported from the former Soviet Union, more pressure was exerted on the flood plain forests, leading to severe degradation of the resources through illegal felling and livestock grazing. The State Forestry Agency does not have the financial means nor adequate capacity to implement a sustainable forestry management system adapted to the changed political, socio-economic and ecological conditions. The main aim of this approach is the rehabilitation of degraded floodplain forests in collaboration with the local users. This can only be achieved, if local users can see that they will benefit from conserving and developing the forest. Also, the State Forestry Agency is supported in its restructuring and gets an opportunity to achieve the protection of the forest, and economic goals through forest products and income from the rented forest plots.

Methods: \'Joint Forest Management\' (JFM) means that governmental organisations and local users are involved in forest management on the basis of a contract with a duration of 20 years, valid under Tajik law, which defines the rights and obligations of all the parties. As a first step, and in order to ensure the protection of the plot, a fence has to be built to protect reforestation activities from livestock (see Technology TAJ366). Adequate irrigation of the forest areas is also supported. Forest tenants as well as Forestry Agency staff are also trained in sustainable forest management techniques. Progresses and challenges are regularly being monitored and technical advice is being given to forest tenants.

Stages of implementation: The implementation includes eight steps: (1) field check and meeting with village representatives, (2) information workshop, (3) general agreement with the whole community, (4) selection of tenants, (5) division of the plots, (6) signing of contracts with the individual tenants, (7) elaboration of management plans and annual plans for each tenant, and (8) monitoring of annual plans.

Role of stakeholders: The annual plan is based on a 5-year management plan for the respective plot. It determines the amount of work undertaken by the forest tenant as well as harvests and their shares to be obtained from the rented area in one year. The rental contract, the management plan, and the annual plan are mutually agreed on by the forest tenants and the Forestry Agency. Forest tenants develop a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources on their plot. The State Forestry Agency is responsible for control and technical advice.

2.3 صور عن النهج

2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها

2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج

2.7 نوع النهج

• قائم على مشروع/برنامج

2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Income generation, income diversification, forest rehabilitation, improved access to forest resources)

Protection and rehabilitation of state forests based on joint long term agreements set up between the State Forestry Agency, and local forest users.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Limited management and control capacities of the State Forestry Agency, combined with a sudden increasing need for firewood resulted in an uncontrolled 'open access' situation in the floodplain forests of GBAO. People were using forest resources in an unsustainable manner, including uncontrolled felling and livestock pasture. This resulted in a large scale degradation of the floodplain forest resources.

2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج

3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم

3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج

	انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية	حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة
المبادرة/التحفيز	تفاعلي	Field visits, talks with village representatives, information seminar for the whole community.
التخطيط	تفاعلي	5-year Management Plans and 1-year Annual Plans are developed for each forest plot, jointly by the land users and State Forestry Agency staff.
التنفيذ	تفاعلي	Live fence construction, irrigation rehabilitation, sharing of harvest.
الرصد/التقييم	تفاعلي	Completed via the close cooperation between the State Forestry Agency and GIZ, using interviews completed by project mobilisers, as well as monitoring of annual achievements.
Research	غير موجود

3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)

3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:

• متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي بشكل أساسي، بعد التشاور مع مستخدمي الأراضي

اشرح:

The approach was developed and implemented in other geographical settings (South Asia) and adapted to the local conditions in GBAO. It is continuously being adapted, according to the practical experiences of SLM specialists and through consultation with the local forest tenants.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. GIZ project staff and forest specialists supported local users in implementing the Technology with some modifications.

4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب

هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:

نعم

حدد من تم تدريبه:

• مستخدمو الأراضي
• موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون

إذا كان ذلك على صلة، حدد الجنس والعمر والوضع والعرق وما إلى ذلك.

At first, so called 'community mobilisers' were trained, who further provided training for forest users.

شكل التدريب:

• في العمل
• مناطق العرض
• اجتماعات عامة
• دورات

المواضيع المغطاة:

Sustainable natural resources management, technical forestry knowledge (planting, thinning) and elaboration of management plans.

4.2 خدمة استشارية

هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:

نعم

حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:

• في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي

وصف/تعليقات:

Forestry training for tenants and forestry staff; Key elements: Sustainable natural resource management and use, Technical training in forestry management (planting and harvesting, fencing etc.)

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Government saw the good results gained from the Joint Forest Management approach, and is interested in continuing this approach.

4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)

هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:

• نعم، إلى حد كبير

حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:

• محلي

حدد نوع الدعم:

• مالي
• بناء القدرات/التدريب

اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:

The State Forestry Agencie's building was renovated and computers were provided for the Agency. Mobilisers were trained to conduct advisory services. Transport for field works was provided. The State Forestry Agency is being supported in its restructuring towards becoming a sustainable institution

4.4 الرصد والتقييم

هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:

نعم

التعليقات:

Area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff through observations; indicators: GIS and data base systems were established

No. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: based on the number of contracts, registered in data base

area treated aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: GIS and data base systems were established

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by project staff, government through observations; indicators: annual monitoring (autumn)

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff, government, land users through measurements; indicators: based on the number of contracts

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by None through observations; indicators: regular planning, reporting and evaluation

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Regular adaptation of the approach after evaluation and analysis of field work results and occurring challenges.

There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

4.5 البحوث

هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:

كلا

5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور

إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:

• 100,000-10,000

التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: local community / land user(s) (Implementation of measures in the forest are covered by land users): 10.0%; government (Provision of areas for JFM implementation, support of implementation): 10.0%; international (Full project organisation: meetings, workshops, technical advice): 80.0%

5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي

هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:

كلا

5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)

• معدات

• بنى تحتية

إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:

• مقابل دعم مادي آخر

التعليقات:

Also voluntary labour was an important input

5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى

هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:

نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد:

The State Forestry Agencie's building was renovated and computers were provided for the Agency. Mobilisers were trained to conduct advisory services. Transport for field works was provided. The State Forestry Agency is being supported in its restructuring towards becoming a sustainable institution

6.1 آثار النهج

6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي

6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج

هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:

• نعم

إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:

Much interest among the land users as they have now legal access to the forest.

6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي
Trusting Forestry Agency (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Follow the rules established in the contracts and management plans.)
Benefit through legal access to forest products (firewood, construction, wood, fruits, etc)

نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات
Improved forest protection and management (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Forest users have a sense of ownership and responsibility for the sustainable use of forests and forest resources. Close collaboration of the Forestry Agency with the forest tenants will be crucial.)
Benefit through legal access to forest products (firewood, construction, wood, fruits. etc) (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Contract guarantees user rights for 20 years. Good management assured through regular advice and monitoring by the Forestry Agency (twice a year in spring and autumn).)

6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
At the beginning of the project, benefits seen to be gained from the forest are not high (especially wood)	Planting of fast growing bushes and trees, perennial, fodder crops.

نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات	كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟
At the initial stage, financing of the approach without project (INGO) support is difficult	In the future, by increasing the productivity of the forest areas, more finances can possibly be made available to forest users and the forestry department.

7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات

7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة

العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:

Forestry Sector Analysis of the Republic of Tajikistan, Joachim F. Kirchhoff and André Fabian, 2010

متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:

Contact: jochim.kirchhoff@giz.de or michael.angermann@giz.de