Stabilization Through Conservation ('StabilCon') approach [كينيا]
- تاريخ الإنشاء:
- تحديث:
- جامع المعلومات: Harry Wells
- المحرر: –
- المُراجع: Rima Mekdaschi Studer
approaches_3615 - كينيا
عرض الأقسام
توسيع الكل طي الكل1. معلومات عامة
1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج
الشخص (الأشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات
Protected Area Manager:
1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT
متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:
16/04/2018
يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:
نعم
2. وصف نهج الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
2.1 وصف موجز للنهج
The 'StabilCon' approach is a non-aggressive, low-intensity stabilization model that seeks to reconcile the needs of both humans and their natural environment. To achieve this, StabilCon aims to co-develop two mutually beneficial elements: sustainable natural resource management and human security in rural areas.
2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج
وصف تفصيلي للنهج:
StabilCon is a holistic approach that seeks to develop social-ecosystems that accept wildlife and respect natural resources, in order to address complex conservation challenges. Implemented by rural communities, in partnership with local stewardship organizations, such as Tsavo Conservation Group, StabilCon aims to build human and natural resource security. StabilCon also aims to shift the human-wildlife relationship from conflict towards a symbiotic relationship with mutual benefits. The approach is based on the premise that unstable environments (whether due to human, economic or environmental factors) preclude any conservation, sustainable development or natural resource management initiative. Therefore, StabilCon seeks to build institutional capacity in rural communities to achieve four interrelated goals: 1) Support the rule of law (e.g. through training of community rangers) to reduce physical insecurity for humans, wildlife and natural resources to manageable levels as a mandatory first step; 2) Use this security as a foundation on which to build and diversify nature-based economic opportunities (e.g. reduced wildlife poaching facilitates the development of tourism-based economic opportunities, while greater local security can also benefit livestock-keeping by reducing the incidents of stock thefts); 3) Strengthen environmental security to enable benefits of biodiversity conservation and healthy ecosystems to be shared by current and future generations; 4) Develop more robust, equitable and representative community governance system, aligned with county and national government agencies and their objectives (e.g. through governance training within rural communities).
StabilCon aims to use these four interrelated goals to develop a foundation of long-term environmental security and create circumstances conducive to socio-economic progress of rural communities. Activities are conducted by the StabilCon Implementation Unit (SIU), which in the Tsavo Model is composed of 5 members: 1) CEO & co-founder of Tsavo Conservation Group (TsavoCon) - responsibilities include managing TsavoCon's strategic direction through StabilCon, developing & managing strategic relationships, working with Kenya's national and county governments and US government, international fund raising; 2) TsavoCon Chief Financial Officer - Taita Taveta born and a member of the Association of Chartered Accountants (London) who leads human resources issues and is responsible for financial operations (e.g. opening bank accounts for full time staff, introducing and managing accounting software); 3) Operations Officer - supports CEO in developing strategic relationships (e.g. liaison with Taita Conservancy elders, county government officials, NGO partners) and is a Geographic Information System analyst developing a map database (e.g. elephant poaching data); 4) Liaison Officer - responsible for engagement with Orma community members of Malkahalaku Community Conservancy as well as liaison with local and national government officials, and to manage the conservancy's rangers (he was formerly an instructor with the Kenya Wildlife Service); 5) TsavoCon Pilot - responsibilities include managing aerial observation operations, TsavoCon vehicles, communications, resupply & logistics of TsavoCon assets in the field.
2.3 صور عن النهج
2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها
البلد:
كينيا
مزيد من التفاصيل حول الموقع:
Greater Tsavo Ecosystem
التعليقات:
For more details see: http://www.tsavocon.org/
Map
×2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج
أشر إلى سنة البدء:
2016
في حالة عدم معرفة السنة بالتحديد، يرجى الإشارة إلى التاريخ التقريبي لبدء النهج:
منذ أقل من 10 سنوات (مؤخرًا)
2.7 نوع النهج
- مبادرة محلية حديثة/مبتكرة
2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
StabilCon seeks to build institutional capacity in rural communities to achieve four interrelated goals:
1) Effective security, law and order - Support the rule of law to reduce physical insecurity for humans, wildlife and natural resources to manageable levels as a mandatory first step to enable the other three goals;
2) Economic security - Use this security as a foundation on which to build and diversify nature-based economic opportunities (e.g. livestock and tourism);
3) Environmental security - Strengthen environmental security to enable benefits of biodiversity conservation and healthy ecosystems to be shared by current and future generations;
4) Social security - Develop more robust, equitable and representative community governance system, aligned with county and national government agencies and their objectives.
2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج
المعايير والقيم الاجتماعية /الثقافية/ الدينية
- تمكين/تمكيني
Livestock, water and security are already top priorities for local communities and are in alignment with StabilCon's objectives.
- معيق
Rural communities, limited in their access to education, find it difficult to navigate the bureaucratic processes involved in securing funding.
توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية
- تمكين/تمكيني
USAID and other donors assist greatly by funding StabilCon's activities.
التعاون/التنسيق بين الجهات الفاعلة
- تمكين/تمكيني
The improved relationship between the Malkahalaku community and the Kenya Wildlife Service (national government), facilitated by StabilCon's Implementation Unit (SIU), has been beneficial particularly in conflict mitigation.
- معيق
Dysfunctional relationships among local chiefs and between Malkahalau community and the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) were initially hindering. In addition, almost every year, heightened competition over fodder/water for livestock between pastoralists and agriculturalists and between neighbouring pastoral communities lead to conflicts, which are often violent. Previously, the dysfunctional relationship between Malkahalaku community and KWS led to confrontations and destruction of KWS infrastructure. On one occasion, KWS rangers posted in the community were chased out by community members and the KWS ranger post burnt down by community members.
الإطار القانوني (حيازة الأراضي، وحقوق استخدام الأراضي والمياه)
- تمكين/تمكيني
The official conservancy status given when the Malkahalaku Community Conservancy was established in 2015 was crucial in providing land tenure security. This stronger land tenure security has been instrumental in NRM through resolving conflicts with neighbouring communities over access to grazing/water.
السياسات
- تمكين/تمكيني
The Wildlife Act has been particularly beneficial through its support of conservation activities. The Act emphasises effective public participation in the management of wildlife resources, thereby setting a basis for the strengthening of community based NRM.
حوكمة الأراضي (صنع القرار والتنفيذ والإنفاذ)
- معيق
Poor law enforcement in rural areas leads to social insecurity at the community level. This impacts many aspects of NRM including illegal wildlife poaching and armed conflicts between pastoralist groups over access to grazing/water.
المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني
- تمكين/تمكيني
StabilCon aims to integrate the extensive local knowledge relating to pastoralism among Oromo people. However, traditional livestock management practices are also evolving and the Oromo are moving towards reducing livestock numbers and raising livestock quality (similar to the ranching approach).
- معيق
Some previous local pastoral practices are no longer applicable to the changing environment, particularly with regard to quality and number of livestock, but practices are changing. For example, the shift from emphasis on the number of livestock owned towards smaller herd sizes and higher quality livestock.
الأسواق (لشراء المدخلات وبيع المنتجات) والأسعار
- معيق
Importing meat from neighbouring countries (e.g. Tanzania, Uganda) floods Kenya's market, leading to a poor economic environment for local livestock production. StabilCon is currently planning to improve Malkahalaku Community Conservancy's access to national beef markets that will provide more favourable prices for the community's members.
عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة
- معيق
StabilCon has a small team, but their dedication helps compensate for the limited man hours.
غير ذلك
- معيق
Social insecurity is one of the main barriers and it is exacerbated by climatic changes. More specifically, shifts in patterns and temporal distribution of rainfall pose challenges even for highly mobile pastoralists. During drought periods, heightened competition over grazing and water intensify human conflict. These conflicts over basic resources preclude NRM activities.
3. المشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية
3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم
- مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية
Taita Taveta Wildlife Conservancies Association and Malkahalaku Community Conservancy.
In the Taita area, Taita Taveta Wildlife Conservancies Association is the main local institutional actor, as it represents all 28 conservancies in the area (a large number of community members sign up to be part of one or more conservancies). In the Tana River County area, Malkahalaku Community Conservancy is the main institutional actor.
- متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون
Tsavo Conservation Group (TsavoCon). TsavoCon is composed of four members: CEO (an experienced protected area manager and leader of international relations; degree in Wildlife Conservation Management), Tana River County Coordinator (paramilitary-trained with experienced in wildlife conservation/anti-poaching; diploma in Wildlife Sanctuary Management), Taita Taveta County Coordinator (experienced wildlife conservationist and former CEO of Taita Taveta Wildlife Conservancies), Chief Financial Officer (experienced in conservation-focused non-profit management).
In the Tsavo Model of StabilCon, TsavoCon is the main facilitating organization, providing a link between local communities, livestock and rangeland management experts and international funding organisations. TsavoCon acts as the StabilCon Implementation Unit (SIU) in the Greater Tsavo Ecosystem.
- الباحثون
Geographic Information System specialist.
This researcher compiles data collected by StabilCon on poaching and insecurity. Tracking trends in elephant poaching as an indicator of increased security is one of the ways in which these data are used.
- منظمة غير حكومية
Global Environmental Facility, African Wildlife Foundation, Wildlife Works.
These NGO's fund StabilCon's activities and/or act as conservation partners of Tsavo Conservation Group.
- الحكومة المحلية
These include: the county environmental minister and their department; the county minister of lands; the county minister of livestock; the chairman of conservation compensation committee.
These actors are involved in allocation of local government support for community-level projects.
- الحكومة الوطنية (المخططون، صانعو القرار)
Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS), County Security Committee (national security apparatus)
These actors are mandated national security agencies. KWS's Law Enforcement Academy trained 22 members of Malkahalaku Community Conservancy (funded by Tsavo Conservation Group), who are now rangers for the conservancy. These rangers patrol their conservancy, increasing human security and reducing poaching. During droughts, KWS allow Malkahalaku Community Conservancy livestock to graze in Tsavo East National Park to relieve pressure on the community and diffuse conflicts over fodder/water. In Kenya, this is a relatively common but controversial practice as it puts pressure on the land within the protected area and potentially increases herd sizes and overall grazing pressure, particularly over the long term.
- منظمة دولية
USAID, Global Environment Facility, African Wildlife Foundation, Wildlife Works
Funding and/or Tsavo Conservation Group conservation partners.
إذا كان هناك العديد من الأطراف المعنية، قم بالإشارة إلى الوكالة الرائدة:
In the Tsavo model of StabilCon, Tsavo Conservation Group fulfils the role of StabilCon Implementation Unit (SIU), and is the lead facilitator and coordinator in the Greater Tsavo Ecosystem.
3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية | حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة | |
---|---|---|
المبادرة/التحفيز | تفاعلي | Under the StabilCon approach, international and local actors are involved in the initiation phase but it leads towards self mobilization. |
التخطيط | تفاعلي | The StabilCon Implementation Unit (composed of a coordinator, experts/professionals and local actors) leads the planning phase, which includes an area identification and a ground feasibility study. |
التنفيذ | التعبئة الذاتية | All activities are implemented by local communities. |
الرصد/التقييم | الدعم الخارجي | Data is mainly collected and analyzed by specialists/experts. |
3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)
3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:
- مستخدمو الأراضي بشكل أساسي، بدعم من متخصصي الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
اشرح:
StabilCon aims to bring together international SLM experience with local SLM knowledge to develop activities.
حدد على أي أساس تم اتخاذ القرارات:
- تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
- خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)
4. الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة
4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب
هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:
نعم
حدد من تم تدريبه:
- مستخدمو الأراضي
- local government (e.g. accounting, legal, economic)
شكل التدريب:
- في العمل
- دورات
المواضيع المغطاة:
22 members of the Malkahalaku Community Conservancy were trained through a Kenya Wildlife Service Law Enforcement Academy programme, to enable them to serve as rangers for their conservancy to improve local security. The StabilCon implementation Unit also conducted courses to train the Conservancy's management and employees in various offices (e.g. accounting, legal, economic) to improve governance in Malkahalaku Community Conservancy.
4.2 خدمة استشارية
هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:
نعم
- Depends on who is receiving the advice.
وصف/تعليقات:
StabilCon Implementation Unit (SIU) provides advice to individuals at multiple levels from government to local.
4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)
هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:
- محلي
- إقليمي
- وطني
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
Tsavo Conservation Group, as the StabilCon Implementation Unit (SIU), liaise with all stakeholders to develop an integrated landscape security model in Taita
حدد نوع الدعم:
- مالي
- بناء القدرات/التدريب
اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:
The Kenya Wildlife Service is due to train 40 Taita community rangers at their Law Enforcement Academy, funded by USAID in conjunction with Tsavo Conservation Group.
4.4 الرصد والتقييم
هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:
كلا
التعليقات:
The StabilCon approach relies on accurate data to inform decision making. Tsavo Conservation Group maintains a rigorous monitoring and evaluation procedure and maps human-wildlife conflict and rural human dynamics affecting the natural environment in its focal area.
4.5 البحوث
هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:
كلا
5. التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي
5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور
إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:
- 1,000000-100،000
التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):
USAID and private donors are the main funding sources.
5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:
نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد نوع (أنواع) الدعم والشروط والمزودين:
Tsavo Conservation Group raises external funding for rangers (training, salaries etc.), security infrastructure (buildings, vehicles etc.); logistics, planning and deployment costs. However, the StabilCon approach aims to make all activities economically self-sustaining through internal funding.
5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)
- غير موجود
إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:
- مدفوع نقدا
التعليقات:
Conservancy rangers are paid in cash through StabilCon, but these costs will gradually be internalized.
5.4 الائتمان
هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
كلا
5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى
هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
كلا
6. تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية
6.1 آثار النهج
هل ساهم النهج في تمكين مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين وتحسين مشاركة الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The training of community conservancy rangers enables the conservancies to increase the degree to which they manage their own security, and are less dependent on already overstretched government law enforcement agencies.
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Data collected thus far indicates that elephant poaching has declined considerably since StabilCon's implementation, but it is not yet possible to gauge the sustainability due to the short duration of operation.
هل نجح النهج في تحسين التنسيق والتنفيذ الفعال من حيث التكلفة لأنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
By acting as an impartial arbitrator, the StabilCon Implementation Unit facilitated coordination between chiefs who previously had dysfunctional relationships.
هل نجح النهج في تعبئة/تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد المالية لتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
StabilCon raised funding from international organizations such as USAID, that would otherwise have been inaccessible to local people.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات الأطراف المعنية الأخرى؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Capacity building was provided to local government employees (e.g. accountants, legal, economic). It was also provided to conservancy members in the form of ranger training.
هل ساهم النهج في بناء/تعزيز المؤسسات والتعاون بين الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
StabilCon facilitated collaboration among actors who previously did not coordinate at local-level (chiefs) and government-level (government departments).
هل ساهم النهج في التخفيف من حدة الصراعات؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The StabilCon Implementation Unit helped mitigate conflicts between Malkahalaku Community members and the Kenya Wildlife Service (national government) by facilitating dialogue and acting as third party mediators.
هل أدى النهج إلى استخدام طاقة/ مصادر طاقة أكثر استدامة؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
No energy source dimension to the approach.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين قدرة مستخدمي الأراضي على التكيف مع التغيرات المناخية/الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة والتخفيف من الكوارث المرتبطة بالمناخ؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
As StabilCon has only been active for 3 years this is difficult to judge.
هل أدى النهج إلى توفير فرص عمل ودخل؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
StabilCon created job opportunities relating to conservancy security (mainly rangers).
6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
- زيادة الربح (القدرة)، وتحسين نسبة التكلفة إلى العائد
Wealth and a better life are the main motivations for all activities.
- القواعد واللوائح (الغرامات) / الإنفاذ
Law enforcement at the community level in rural communities is one of the main benefits of formally trained conservancy rangers.
- التخفيف من حدة الصراع
Conflict mitigation is a significant aspect of this approach. The presence of formally trained rangers benefits community members in the form of improved social security and possibly economic opportunities (e.g. less wildlife poaching may improve tourism and fewer stock thefts may facilitate livestock-keeping).
6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:
- غير مؤكد
إذا كان الجواب لا أو غير متأكد، حدد ذلك وعلق عليه:
StabilCon has only been active for 3 years so this is difficult to gauge.
6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج
نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي |
---|
Due to StabilCon's structured approach, it can be budgeted in the long term. |
StabilCon requires minimal intervention and relies mainly on internal motivation and activity. |
The long-term aim is for revenue to be generated internally and sustainably through a structured investment model. |
نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات |
---|
Enables local communities to access international funds. |
The StabilCon approach seeks to leverage the interaction between SLM and human security. |
Integration of international SLM experience with local knowledge. |
The StabilCon approach seeks to identify the extraordinary in people and nurture their strengths |
6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها
نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
---|---|
The need to raise start-up funding. | Ensure adequate focus on fund-raising. |
StabilCon is not a stand-alone 'silver bullet', but needs a certain amount of national infrastructure in place in order to operate. | None. |
StabilCon depends heavily on the individuals employed and can thus be impacted considerably by the human weaknesses of individuals. | Over the long-term, educate people to develop interdisciplinary skills. |
نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
---|---|
With few years of active experience of StabilCon, the benefits, downfalls and sustainability of the approach are still unclear. | Continuation of the approach will reveal its strengths and weaknesses. |
7. المراجع والروابط
7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات
- مقابلات مع المتخصصين/الخبراء في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
One expert (co-founder & CEO of Tsavo Conservation Group and the StabilCon approach)
- التجميع من التقارير والوثائق الأخرى الموجودة
Reports and documentation shared by the informant and project websites.
7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة
العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:
Saunders I, Saunders T (2017) The StabilCon Brief
متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:
Freely available an in the public domain
7.3 روابط للمعلومات ذات الصلة المتوفرة على الإنترنت
العنوان/الوصف:
Stabilization Through Conservation (StabilCon) on Tsavo Conservation Group website
عنوان الرابط URL:
http://www.tsavocon.org/stabilcon/
العنوان/الوصف:
Tsavo Conservation Group's eMAP (Elephant Monitoring and Anti-Poaching) project
الروابط والوحدات المواضيعية
توسيع الكل طي الكلالروابط
لا يوجد روابط
الوحدات المواضيعية
لا يوجد وحدات مواضيعية