Restoration of degraded lands through participatory land use planning [سريلانكا]
- تاريخ الإنشاء:
- تحديث:
- جامع المعلومات: Head Soil Science
- المحرر: –
- المراجعون: William Critchley, Rima Mekdaschi Studer
Village-based participatory land use planning
approaches_6237 - سريلانكا
عرض الأقسام
توسيع الكل طي الكل1. معلومات عامة
1.2 تفاصيل الاتصال بالأشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات والمؤسسات المعنية بتقييم وتوثيق النهج
جامع المعلومات المشارك:
جامع المعلومات المشارك:
Agrarian Research and Production Assistant:
Karunarachchi Mangalika
+94714955038
Department of Agrarian Development
Agrarian Research and Production Assistant Office, Galayata Kandura, Bindunuwewa, Bandarawela.
سريلانكا
مستخدم الأرض:
Podimenike W.M.
+94572232842
Galayata Kandura, Bindunuwewa, Bandarawela.
سريلانكا
اسم المشروع الذي سهّل توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)
Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands in Kandy, Badulla and Nuwara Eliya Districts in the Central Highlands of Sri Lankaاسم المؤسسة (المؤسسات) التي سهلت توثيق/تقييم النهج (إذا كان ذلك على صلة)
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka (AGRI.PDN) - سريلانكا1.3 الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT
متى تم تجميع البيانات (ميدانيا)؟:
24/02/2022
يوافق جامع المعلومات والشخص (لاشخاص) الرئيسي لمصدر المعلومات على الشروط المتعلقة باستخدام البيانات الموثقة من خلال WOCAT:
نعم
2. وصف نهج الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
2.1 وصف موجز للنهج
Microwatershed-based participatory land use planning is a systematic and interactive process that primarily focuses on the optimal allocation of village land resources according to needs and demands of the people while promoting sustainable land management. Key features of this approach are multi-sectoral coordination, multi-stakeholder engagement and the active participation of land users throughout the participatory land use planning process.
2.2 وصف تفصيلي للنهج
وصف تفصيلي للنهج:
The Sapugasulpatha/ Galayata Kandura microwatershed is located in Bandarawela Divisional Secretariat (DS), Badulla District, Sri Lanka. Unsustainable land management has led to land degradation causing associated challenges. There was a need to identify strategies for restoration of degraded lands while addressing water scarcity. In 2018, the Rehabilitation of Degraded Agricultural Lands Project (RDALP) introduced participatory land use planning (PLUP) for this microwatershed. Previously, stakeholders were dealt with individually. But the PLUP process relies on the active involvement of all stakeholders. Key is microcatchment level planning - embedded in multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement.
The process is initiated by the district office of the Land Use Policy Planning Department (LUPPD). Firstly, the LUPPD identifies microwatersheds and develops land use/cover maps. It is assisted by the Bandarawela DS, which is the administrative body for lands in the area and has the capacity to coordinate all relevant stakeholders. Then, officers of the LUPPD meet with community leaders, representatives of farmer organizations and field level officers to verify the land use maps through field visits. Demarcation of individual plots on these maps is also carried out. Next, a field visit is conducted with all stakeholders to identify the status of land degradation and the current crop management practices. This is, effectively, “training of trainers”. Subsequently, the community prepares maps of land degradation and management types with the support of LUPPD.
This is followed by a participatory rural appraisal (PRA) process with all stakeholders. In the PRA, issues related to land degradation/use, ownership, conflicts and socio-economic concerns are discussed. Participants come to an initial consensus on solutions. After this, a detailed action plan is prepared and stakeholders identified. The next stage involves the development of land use plans for the entire microwatershed targeting the restoration of degraded and poorly managed lands. The land use plan covers both on-farm and off-farm land, and provides recommendations for SLM practices over the entire microwatershed: it serves as a detailed land restoration plan. Then, detailed discussions are held with specific stakeholders to prepare sector-based plans. This includes detailed plans for individual farms. As an example, officers of Tea Smallholdings Development Authority (TSHDA) provide inputs to develop detailed plans for smallholder tea cultivation - including plans for individual farmers. Subsequently, implementation is performed jointly by stakeholders. If, for example, a farm is identified for tea cultivation intercropped with export crops, officers both from TSHDA and the Department of Export Agriculture extend their support. The approach includes farmer field schools (FFS) conducted by the Department of Agrarian Development officers and project officers of RDALP. Moreover, farmers are encouraged to use social media (WhatsApp®) to share their knowledge and experiences with SLM practices. The local community is also exposed to examples of good SLM through field visits. The final step is evaluation and monitoring. This is performed by the officers of the Agrarian Service Development, RDALP, and also by individuals. A divisional agricultural committee is mandated to perform continuous monitoring of implementation. PLUP provides the stimulus for farmers to continue SLM - since practices are not enforced but identified themselves. Further, firm bonding is established between land users and other stakeholders, including government institutes, strengthening the likelihood of sustainability.
2.3 صور عن النهج
معرض الوسائط
2.4 فيديوهات عن النهج
تعليقات، وصف موجز:
https://youtu.be/uHBRGYVT--M
Participatory Land Use Planning for Sustainable Land Management
التاريخ:
03/08/2021
الموقع:
Dambugasagala, Welimada
2.5 البلد/المنطقة/المواقع التي تم تطبيق النهج فيها
البلد:
سريلانكا
المنطقة/الولاية/المحافظة:
Badulla District - Uva province
مزيد من التفاصيل حول الموقع:
Watagamuwa Grama Niladhari Division, Bandarawela Divisional Secretariat Division
Map
×2.6 تواريخ بدء وإنهاء تنفيذ النهج
أشر إلى سنة البدء:
2018
سنة الإنهاء (إذا لم يعد النهج مطبقًا):
2021
التعليقات:
Stakeholders continue to provide extension service for this microwatershed, even though the project was finished.
2.7 نوع النهج
- قائم على مشروع/برنامج
2.8 الغايات/الأهداف الرئيسية للنهج
1)Identification and mapping of degraded lands at microwatershed level.
2)Integration of multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement in participatory land use planning implemented at village micro watershed level.
3)Identification of land management related issues and factors contributing to land degradation and prioritizing sustainable land use/management options through participatory approach.
4)Development and implementation of a land use plan and an action plan to restore and mitigate the degradation within the micro watershed employing PLUP approach.
5)Maintenance and promotion of ecosystem services for the sustainability of rural livelihoods.
6)Reduction of the pressure of competitive land use on natural resources.
2.9 الظروف التي تمكن أو تعيق تنفيذ التقنية/التقنيات المطبقة بموجب النهج
المعايير والقيم الاجتماعية /الثقافية/ الدينية
- تمكين/تمكيني
Greater social capital as local community is well organized with a strong social bonding among villagers. Farmer organization with leaders appointed by villagers further strengthened the bonding between people for agriculture/ land management related activities.
- معيق
Lack of interest of young generation on farming.
توفر/الوصول إلى الموارد والخدمات المالية
- تمكين/تمكيني
Having access to a comprehensive land use plan for each land increases access for financial resources such as loan facilities from banks, subsidy schemes of TSHDA, Loan facilities of tea factories. Farmers have the option to come with an agreement with a leading supermarket chain in Sri Lanka to obtain financial services/materials with the promise of supplying the products exclusively to the said supermarket chain.
- معيق
Existing financial wellbeing of farmers and land ownership related issues limits the access.
الإطار المؤسساتي
- تمكين/تمكيني
National, regional and village level institutional set up is existing. Moreover, farmer organizations have strengthened the collective power of farmers to coordinate with institutes. Female farmers have formed “Sithamu” Women's Farmers' Organization and both female and male farmers in the village have formed “Galayata Kandura” Rural Farmer Organization. Land use plan serves as a common platform for the collaboration between institutes enhancing the overall synergy.
- معيق
Often the lack of coordination between sectoral institutes and top-down approach in decision making. Lack dedicated institutes to coordinate activities at national level.
التعاون/التنسيق بين الجهات الفاعلة
- تمكين/تمكيني
Officers of relevant government institutes namely, DS, LUPPD, Extension service of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Development, Department of Export Agriculture and TSHDA are willingly to support farmers. Moreover, RDALP project officers play an important role in coordinating the activity.
الإطار القانوني (حيازة الأراضي، وحقوق استخدام الأراضي والمياه)
- تمكين/تمكيني
Majority of farmers own their lands (home gardens and tea smallholdings). Legal frameworks of land ownership and land and water usage are well established.
- معيق
Delays and complications in solving legal issues pertaining to land use
السياسات
- تمكين/تمكيني
Land use policy, soil conservation act, national action plan (NAP) to combat land degradation
- معيق
Lack of implementation of policies and acts
حوكمة الأراضي (صنع القرار والتنفيذ والإنفاذ)
- تمكين/تمكيني
Presence of land use committee (at divisional level) and divisional agriculture committee (included all government institutes related to land use) for decision making. The DS is the chairperson of these committee who is also a part of the PLUP process. Farmers have the liberty to take land use decisions within the framework of land use policy and administrative framework. However, field level officers representing government institutes such as LUPPD, Department of Agriculture, Department of Export Agriculture, TSHDA play a supporting role in implementation of these decisions. Absence of Gender biasedness is a very important factor.
- معيق
Land ownerships, conflicts on land ownership, illegal encroachment of sensitive areas of the micro watershed and political interferences
المعرفة حول الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي، والوصول إلى الدعم الفني
- تمكين/تمكيني
Farmer organizations serve as a platform to share knowledge on SLM. Strong village level extension service is facilitated by the Department of Agriculture, Export Agriculture, TSHDA and other technical services. These officers are available at Agrarian Service Centre and Wednesdays are allocated for meeting with farmers. Moreover, conducting field visits is a part of their duty. Farmer groups have been identified and introduced social media platforms such as WhatsApp® to share SLM knowledge by experts and among themselves. Farmers are capable of operating online interaction facilities such as Zoom® allowing experts to share the knowledge conveniently.
- معيق
Inadequacy of extension officers
الأسواق (لشراء المدخلات وبيع المنتجات) والأسعار
- تمكين/تمكيني
Farmers have the choice of marketing their products and enter into the value chain i.e. direct selling at the village vegetable market, private companies those visit to the field for purchasing their products (vegetable, spice crops and tea) and intermediate buyers. Farmers also have the option to come into a contract with a leading supermarket chain to sell their products if they are willing to adopt Good Agricultural Practices (GAP).
- معيق
Lack of transport facilities, low market price offered by intermediate buyers, price fluctuations
عبء العمل، توفر القوى العاملة
- تمكين/تمكيني
Most of the SLM practices which are promoted through this approach are not very labor-intensive. Often, family members are sufficient to establish the majority SLM practices.
- معيق
Lack of labor force due to the labor migration
3. المشاركة وأدوار الأطراف المعنية
3.1 أصحاب المصلحة المعنيون بالنهج وأدوارهم
- مستخدمو الأراضي المحليون/المجتمعات المحلية
Land users/ village farmers (both men and women)
Express their willingness to involve in PLUP. They are involved in the entire process by actively participating for group discussions and activities with other stakeholders to identify land use related issues, prepare a community land use plan, identify SLM practices and implementation. Further, participation for training programmes and share the knowledge about SLM practices.
- المنظمات المجتمعية
“Sithamu” Women's Farmers' Organization and “Galayata Kandura" Rural Farmer Organization
All farmers of the village are members of these community based organizations. These serve as a platform to promote the involvement of farmers in the PLUP process. Moreover, problems/issues arise in the process are discussed within the organization to come up with socially agreed solutions.
- متخصصون في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي / مستشارون زراعيون
LUPPD, Department of Agriculture, Department of Export Agriculture, Department of Agrarian Development, TSHDA
Identification of village level micro-catchments by LUPPD
Introducing SLM technologies
Provision of training
Oversee the implementation and monitoring the success of field adopted SLM technologies
- الحكومة المحلية
DS office of Bandarawela, Department of Agrarian Development, TSHDA, Department of Agriculture and Department of Export Agriculture
Involved in the PLUP process as key stakeholders responsible for advisory services, conflict resolution, capacity building and overall implementation and monitoring
- الحكومة الوطنية (المخططون، صانعو القرار)
LUPPD, Ministry of Environment (MOE), Natural Resource Management Centre of the Department of Agriculture
Support the preparation of land use plans within the context of legal frame work of the country
- منظمة دولية
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Project coordination, partial financial support, Capacity building
إذا كان هناك العديد من الأطراف المعنية، قم بالإشارة إلى الوكالة الرائدة:
LUPPD
3.2 انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية في المراحل المختلفة للنهج
| انخراط مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين/المجتمعات المحلية | حدد من شارك وصف الأنشطة | |
|---|---|---|
| المبادرة/التحفيز | تفاعلي | Community leaders, LUPPD, DS and RDAL Project officers. The process is initiated by the district office of LUPPD which is the responsible national level authority to prepare sustainable land use plans. The regional office identifies village level micro catchment and develop land use/cover maps. The DS serves as a body that coordinate the activity by linking relevant stakeholders. |
| التخطيط | تفاعلي | Community leaders, land users, LUPPD, DS and RDALP officers. Planning of the PLUP process is performed by these parties. |
| التنفيذ | تفاعلي | Land users, community leaders, Department of Agrarian Development, Department of Agriculture, Department of Export Agriculture, TSHDA, officers of RDALP, other officers representing different agriculture sectors and land users. Implementation of the restoration plan for individual farm is performed jointly by different stake holders. As an example if a farmers` land is identified for tea cultivation intercropped with export agricultural crops, officers both from TSHDA and Department of Export Agriculture extend their support for implementation. |
| الرصد/التقييم | تفاعلي | Land users, Department of Agrarian Development, RDALP officers, individual stakeholders, Department of Agriculture, officers of Natural Resource management Centre and divisional agricultural committee. Please note that participatory monitoring mechanism was implemented. |
| Marketing | التعبئة الذاتية | Land users (farmers), private companies and intermediate sellers. Farmers have the choice of marketing their products by direct selling at the village vegetable market, through private companies those visit to the field for purchasing their products (vegetable and tea) and intermediate buyers. Moreover, farmers also have the option to come into a contract with a leading supermarket chain to sell their products if they are willing to adopt Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) |
3.3 مخطط التدفق (إذا كان متاحًا)
الوصف:
The PLUP described above is focused on restoration of degraded lands at microwatershed level. The multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement throughout the process are key features of this process leading to the preparation of detailed restoration plan at on-farm and off-farm levels promoting sustainable land management.
المؤلف:
Prof. W.A.U. Vitharana
3.4 اتخاذ القرار بشأن اختيار تقنية/تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
حدد من الذي قرر اختيار التقنية/التقنيات التي سيتم تنفيذها:
- جميع الجهات الفاعلة ذات الصلة، كجزء من نهج تشاركي
اشرح:
This is a participatory approach in which stakeholders make collective decisions on the selection of appropriate technologies. Multi-stakeholder engagement is a prominent characteristic.
حدد على أي أساس تم اتخاذ القرارات:
- تقييم المعرفة الموثقة جيدًا بشأن الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي(اتخاذ القرارات القائمة على الأدلة)
- نتائج البحوث
- خبرة وآراء شخصية(غير موثقة)
4. الدعم الفني وبناء القدرات وإدارة المعرفة
4.1 بناء القدرات/التدريب
هل تم تقديم التدريب لمستخدمي الأراضي / الأطراف المعنيين الآخرين؟:
نعم
حدد من تم تدريبه:
- مستخدمو الأراضي
- موظفون ميدانيون/ مستشارون
إذا كان ذلك على صلة، حدد الجنس والعمر والوضع والعرق وما إلى ذلك.
Training was provided for both men and women farmers of the microwatershed
شكل التدريب:
- من مزارع إلى مزارع
- مناطق العرض
- اجتماعات عامة
شكل التدريب:
- social media (WhatsApp®) and online meetings via Zoom® platform
المواضيع المغطاة:
Sustainable Land Management practices, compost preparation, liquid fertilizer preparation, water harvesting techniques, soil conservation practices and pruning of fruit trees
التعليقات:
Farmers have shown a great interest on sharing knowledge and experiences through the social media
4.2 خدمة استشارية
هل يملك مستخدمو الأراضي وصولا إلى خدمة استشارية؟:
نعم
حدد ما إذا كانت الخدمة الاستشارية متوفرة:
- في حقول مستخدمي الأراضي
- في مراكز دائمة
وصف/تعليقات:
Well organized advisory service is available in Sri Lanka which is conducted through the field officers of the Department of Agriculture, Export Agriculture, TSHDA. These officers are available at Agrarian Service Centre and Wednesdays are allocated for meeting with farmers and making field visits is a part of their job. Moreover, members of the project team RDALP also served as trainers. Importantly, community leaders and farmer organization representatives were trained as trainers to assure the sustainability.
4.3 تعزيز المؤسسات (التطوير التنظيمي)
هل تم إنشاء أو تعزيز مؤسسات من خلال هذا النهج؟:
- نعم، باعتدال
حدد المستوى (المستويات) التي تم فيها تعزيز أو إنشاء المؤسسات:
- محلي
- إقليمي
صف المؤسسة والأدوار والمسؤوليات والأعضاء وما إلى ذلك.
The PLUP process strengthens the institutional coordination and their roles at village level.
حدد نوع الدعم:
- مالي
- بناء القدرات/التدريب
- معدات
- infrastructure
اعط مزيدا من التفاصيل:
Details are provided in Table 6.3
4.4 الرصد والتقييم
هل يشكل الرصد والتقييم جزءا من النهج؟:
نعم
التعليقات:
Field level government officers are entrusted with the monitoring process with the participation of land users
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، فهل من المقصود استخدام هذه الوثائق للمراقبة والتقييم؟:
كلا
4.5 البحوث
هل كانت البحوث جزءًا من النهج؟:
كلا
5. التمويل والدعم المادي الخارجي
5.1 الميزانية السنوية لمكون الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي في النهج المذكور
إذا لم تكن الميزانية السنوية الدقيقة معروفة، قم بالإشارة إلى نطاقها:
- 100,000-10,000
التعليقات (على سبيل المثال المصادر الرئيسية للتمويل/الجهات المانحة الرئيسية):
GEF and local government institutions
5.2 الدعم المالي/المادي المقدم لمستخدمي الأراضي
هل حصل مستخدمو الأراضي على دعم مالي/ مادي لتنفيذ التقنية/ التقنيات؟:
نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد نوع (أنواع) الدعم والشروط والمزودين:
Financial support for soil conservation, materials for preparation of nursery sheds (4x4 feet), vegetable seeds and fruit plants for home gardening, tea seedlings for infilling and polythene for rain water harvesting ponds
5.3 إعانات لمدخلات محددة (بما في ذلك العمالة)
- عمالة
| إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|
| ممول جزئيا | Subsidy for establishment of soil conservation structures |
- معدات
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| الآلات | ممول بالكامل | Pruning kits for fruit tree management, Portable hole drilling machine* for establishment of tea plantations, Bush cutters*, selective plucking machines. *Provided for the Village farmer society |
| أدوات | ممول بالكامل | Nursery trays |
- زراعة
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| بذور | ممول بالكامل | Vegetables seeds |
| Fruit plants, Tea seedlings | ممول بالكامل | Fruit plants for home gardening and intercropped with tea, tea seedling for infilling |
- بناء
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| UV treated Polyethene | ممول بالكامل | UV treated Polyethene for water harvesting ponds and nursery sheds |
- بنى تحتية
| حدد المدخلات التي تم دعمها | إلى أي مدى | حدد الإعانات |
|---|---|---|
| Rainwater storage tank | ممول بالكامل | Rainwater storage tank to harness water for micro watershed and the downstream areas as ground water |
إذا كان العمل من قبل مستخدمي الأراضي مدخلاً جوهريًا، فهل كان:
- تطوعي
التعليقات:
Most of the time family members are engaged with field activities
5.4 الائتمان
هل تم توفير ائتمان في إطار نهج أنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
كلا
5.5 حوافز أو وسائل أخرى
هل تم استخدام حوافز أو أدوات أخرى لتشجيع تنفيذ تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، حدد:
Land use policy and agriculture policy of Sri Lanka are overarching instruments. Moreover, regulations identified in the Soil Conservation Act of Sri Lanka promote SLM technologies.
6. تحليل الأثر والتصريحات الختامية
6.1 آثار النهج
هل ساهم النهج في تمكين مستخدمي الأراضي المحليين وتحسين مشاركة الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
All land users are part of the approach which empowered land users on knowledge on land degradation, SLM practices and preparation of detailed restoration plan for degraded/poorly management lands. Moreover, training programs and field visits empowered land users with specific skills.
هل مكّن النهج من اتخاذ القرارات المبنية على الأدلة؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The participatory approach includes field visits, analysis of field evidences to identify degraded lands and lands those have not been properly managed. These allow land users on evidence based decision making to implement SLM practices.
هل ساعد النهج مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ وصيانة تقنيات الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
The entire process help land users to understand user specific sustainable land management options and also integrate local knowledge and experience. Since SLM options are identified by land users it enables them to implement based on available resources. Involvement relevant stakeholders (e.g. Agriculture extension officers) and training programs help land users for the implementation and maintenance of SLM technologies. Partial financial support and material support further help farmers to implement and maintain SLM practices.
هل نجح النهج في تحسين التنسيق والتنفيذ الفعال من حيث التكلفة لأنشطة الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Multi-sectoral coordination embedder throughout the process improve coordination among stakeholders. The SLM practices which are identified by land users assured to be cost-effective and manageable.
هل نجح النهج في تعبئة/تحسين الوصول إلى الموارد المالية لتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Involvement of key institutes in the process and documentary evidence on proposed activities enhance the access to financial resources for SLM implementation.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات مستخدمي الأراضي على تنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Land users are trained on SLM by providing on-ground hands on experience and through online sessions. Farmers are motivated from others who have already implemented SLM practices.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين معرفة وقدرات الأطراف المعنية الأخرى؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Interaction between stakeholders is a dominant activity throughout the process. This allows knowledge sharing leading to improve capacities of all stakeholders. FAO officers, Extension officers and officers of Department of Agrarian Development visit each land plot and give further instructions
هل ساهم النهج في بناء/تعزيز المؤسسات والتعاون بين الأطراف المعنية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Multiple institutions are involved in this approach and they work together in the process of land use planning.
هل أدى هذا النهج إلى تحسين الأمن الغذائي / تحسين التغذية؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Increased production of vegetables and fruits through appropriate land use planning and SLM practices enhance the village level food security
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين الوصول إلى المياه والصرف الصحي؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Establishment of rainwater harvesting ponds has been integrated to land use plan. Further, establishment of village level water harvesting tank increase the ground water status. This lead to access for irrigation water during the dry season.
هل أدى النهج إلى تحسين قدرة مستخدمي الأراضي على التكيف مع التغيرات المناخية/الظواهر المناخية المتطرفة والتخفيف من الكوارث المرتبطة بالمناخ؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Soil conservation practices and SLM practices lead to enhancement of soil organic carbon levels. Further, rainwater harvesting ponds sustain the water supply during extreme drought periods. These will contribute to the enhance climate resilience potential.
هل أدى النهج إلى توفير فرص عمل ودخل؟:
- لا
- نعم، قليلا
- نعم، باعتدال
- نعم، إلى حد كبير
Increase in farmer income is expected through appropriate land use planning and application of SLM practices. Especially, crop diversification options introduced and increased irrigation water availability through rain water harvesting will enhance income opportunities. E.g. intercropping of spice crops (export agricultural crops) with tea as one of the consequences of this approach
6.2 المحفز الرئيسي لقيام مستخدمي الأراضي بتنفيذ الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
- زيادة الإنتاج
Increased production from home gardens and tea smallholdings
- زيادة الربح (القدرة)، وتحسين نسبة التكلفة إلى العائد
Increased crop yields, thus profits are expected through proper land allocation and application of SLM practices
- الحد من تدهور الأراضي
Reduced land degradation (specially soil erosion) achieved through SLM practices such as application of soil conservation measures (stone bunds, terraces, contour farming) and application of organic fertilizers (compost) produced by farmers.
- الحد من مخاطر الكوارث
Soil conservation practices reduce the risk of earth slips which are prevalent in the area. Rainwater harvesting ponds reduce the risk of droughts.
- المدفوعات/ الإعانات
Subsidies were provided to implement soil conservation practices. Material support was provided for the preparation of rain water harvesting ponds, establishment of nurseries, and operations in tea lands.
- تعزيز المعرفة والمهارات في مجال الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
Land users understand the importance of SLM application for their lands through participatory approach and farmer field schools.
- تحسينات جماليية
Aesthetic value of home gardens were improved and it is given extra income for the family.
6.3 استدامة أنشطة النهج
هل يمكن لمستخدمي الأراضي المحافظة على استدامة ما تم تنفيذه من خلال النهج (بدون دعم خارجي)؟:
- نعم
إذا كانت الإجابة بنعم، صف كيف:
There is a greater potential for farmers to continue SLM practices since such practices are not forcefully enforced but identified by land users themselves through a participatory approach. Therefore, SLM technologies identified by farmers suit to their socio-economic capacity. Further, strong bonding is established with land users and other stakeholders such as government institutes, that will lead to the sustainability of the approach.
6.4 نقاط قوة/مزايا النهج
| نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر مستخدمي الأراضي |
|---|
| Multi-sectoral coordination and multi-stakeholder engagement throughout all activities of the approach |
| Land users perceive a sense of ownership of the SLM practice implemented through the approach |
| Training programmes conducted through online platforms motivate farmers to implement SLM on their own land while improving the awareness on SLM practices |
| Greater potential of enhancement of the farmer income through practices such as crop diversification, intercropping etc. |
| Enhanced food security |
| نقاط القوة/ المزايا/ الفرص من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات |
|---|
| Field evidence suggested farmers have willingly embraced the approach to restore their degraded lands |
| The approach has enhanced collaborations with land users and other stakeholders |
| The approach has inculcated ownership of the entire process on land users |
6.5 نقاط الضعف/ العيوب في المنهج وطرق التغلب عليها
| نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر مستخدم الأراضي | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
|---|---|
| Marketing of Vegetables | Though farmers has access to village vegetable market, if farmers can be incorporated to the Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) program this limitation can be overcome. |
| Lack of financial resources | Formally link a financial supporting institute as a key stakeholder (e.g. Banks, social protection schemes) |
| Lack of labor | Though land users identified less labor intensive SLM practices, the provision of necessary machinery could have substitute such practices with more appropriate ones. |
| Time constraints of land users to participate continuously | Use of ICT tools and scheduling meetings at convenient times for land users |
| نقاط الضعف/ المساوىء/ المخاطر من وجهة نظر جامع المعلومات أو غيره من الاشخاص الرئيسيين لمصدر المعلومات | كيف يمكن التغلب عليها؟ |
|---|---|
| PLUP approach is a time consuming process | Simplify the PLUP process |
| This approach requires a large number of officers to carry out | Simplify the PLUP process |
| Incompatibility of micro-watershed boundaries and administrative boundaries | Use administrative boundaries in planning process |
| Negative attitude of some institutions and some officials towards collective effort | National level stakeholders should be made aware of the project activities and incorporate them into their plans |
| Some stakeholders' involvement exceeds beyond their mandate | Ensuring that each institution executes their mandate and the due respect for their intervention |
7. المراجع والروابط
7.1 طرق جمع/مصادر المعلومات
- زيارات ميدانية، مسوحات ميدانية
One field visit
- مقابلات مع مستخدمي الأراضي
Three families were interviewed
- مقابلات مع المتخصصين/الخبراء في الإدارة المستدامة للأراضي
RDAL project officers, Agriculture Research and Production Assistants
- التجميع من التقارير والوثائق الأخرى الموجودة
Healthy Soil Matters (FAO, United Nations Colombo, 2021)
7.2 المراجع للمنشورات المتاحة
العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:
Healthy Soil Matters, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Colombo, 2021
متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:
SriCAT website
العنوان، المؤلف، السنة، النظام القياسي الدولي لترقيم الكتب ISBN:
Guidelines for participatory land use planning
متاح من أين؟كم التكلفة؟:
LUPPD
7.3 روابط للمعلومات ذات الصلة المتوفرة على الإنترنت
العنوان/الوصف:
Healthy Soil Matters, The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Colombo, 2021
عنوان الرابط URL:
https://sricat.net/index.php/en/media-gallery/documents/248-healthy-soil-matters
الروابط والوحدات المواضيعية
توسيع الكل طي الكلالروابط
لا يوجد روابط
الوحدات المواضيعية
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