(Khamzina T. Description: Winter wheat - Legumes - Green manure - Cotton)
Secondary salinization, decrease in soil organic matter and elements of mineral nutrition of plants are the main indicators of degradation of irrigated arable lands in Uzbekistan. Poor crop rotation is one of the major causes of degradation. Crop rotation “wheat-cotton-wheat” is applied On farm fields: for several years in a row cotton has been cultivated after cotton, or wheat after wheat. After harvesting of winter wheat, plant residues are removed from the fields for economic needs. The field remains fallow since June. The bare land dries up, loses its structure and resistance to soil erosion. Salts from groundwater are pulled up and accumulate in the root zone, which leads to soil salinization and production decrease. Crops diversification improves the existing crop rotation by re-sowing after winter wheat legumes and crops as a green manure/ fertilizer. The improved crop rotation includes the following steps- " winter wheat-legumes (mash, beans) - green manure (rye, etc.) - cotton»: Next, the cycle repeats. The field is under vegetation all year round, unproductive evaporation from the soil surface is reduced, which slows down the development of secondary salinization processes. Plant residues of winter wheat, legumes and green manure plants plowed into the soil replenish humus reserves. The Technology allows to get two crops (wheat and legumes) during the year, which provides land users with additional income from re-culture and contributes to strengthening the country's food security.
Costs of inputs needed for establishment:
The cultivation of repeated crops and green manure is usual, as for other row crops, therefore, local land users are well aware of the methods of preparation and tillage of the technology for growing repeated crops. The Technology does not require large additional financial and labor costs and includes chiseling, harrowing, sowing, cutting irrigation furrows, irrigation, inter-row cultivation. Growing a second crop and green manure will require financial imputs for seed acquisition, sowing and crop care. However, the income received from the re-crop crop (mung bean, beans) is about 4 million Uzbek soums / ha, and fully covers these costs
Natural and human environment:
The technology has been tested on irrigated lands in various agro-climatic zones of Uzbekistan: Kashkadarya, Jizzakh region and in South Karakalpakstan (Beruni, Turtkul and Ellikkala regions). Technology received government support. According to the Decree of the President of the country in 2018, it is planned to place repeated crops of legumes after harvesting winter wheat for 374 thousand hectares. This technology is recommended for use in farms engaged in the cultivation of cotton and winter wheat, within all irrigated areas of the country. The use of irrigation equipment and other methods of an improved surface irrigation method saves the amount of irrigation water
Location: village of Keriz, Jizzakh region, Zarbdar district, Uzbekistan
No. of Technology sites analysed: 2-10 sites
Spread of the Technology: evenly spread over an area (approx. < 0.1 km2 (10 ha))
In a permanently protected area?:
Date of implementation: 2002; 10-50 years ago
Type of introduction
| Specify input | Unit | Quantity | Costs per Unit (USD) | Total costs per input (USD) | % of costs borne by land users |
| Labour | |||||
| Hired labor during the growing season (irrigation, crop care, harvesting) | USD/ha | 1.0 | 474.2 | 474.2 | 100.0 |
| Equipment | |||||
| Use of machinery (tillage, sowing, cultivation, additional nutrition) | USD/ha | 1.0 | 584.5 | 584.5 | 100.0 |
| Plant material | |||||
| Seeds (cotton, wheat, re-crop, green manure) | USD/ha | 1.0 | 233.7 | 233.7 | 54.5 |
| Fertilizers and biocides | |||||
| Mineral fertilizers, manure, pesticides, defoliant | USD/ha | 1.0 | 559.6 | 559.6 | 100.0 |
| Total costs for establishment of the Technology | 1'852.0 | ||||
| Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD | 0.53 | ||||
| Specify input | Unit | Quantity | Costs per Unit (USD) | Total costs per input (USD) | % of costs borne by land users |
| Labour | |||||
| Hired labor during the growing season (irrigation, crop care, harvesting) | USD/ha | 1.0 | 474.2 | 474.2 | 100.0 |
| Equipment | |||||
| Use of machinery (tillage, sowing, cultivation, additional nutrition) | USD/ha | 1.0 | 584.5 | 584.5 | 100.0 |
| Plant material | |||||
| Seeds (cotton, wheat, re-crop, green manure) | USD/ha | 1.0 | 233.7 | 233.7 | 54.5 |
| Fertilizers and biocides | |||||
| Mineral fertilizers, manure, pesticides, defoliant | USD/ha | 1.0 | 559.6 | 559.6 | 100.0 |
| Total costs for maintenance of the Technology | 1'852.0 | ||||
| Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD | 0.53 | ||||
Quantity before SLM: 1.62 tons / ha
Quantity after SLM: 3.18 tons / ha
cotton yields doubled after applying crop diversification system
Increase in income by 500 USD/ ha
The assessment was carried out in the second year after the Technology implementation
The assessment was carried out in the second year after the Technology implementation
The assessment was carried out in the second year after the Technology implementation
Quantity before SLM: 2 crops (wheat, cotton)
Quantity after SLM: 4 crops (wheat, cotton, mung bean, winter rye)
Additional cultivation of two crops (mung bean, winter rye again after winter wheat)
