1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Shizuoka University - Japan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

11/06/2011

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Sustainable managements on pasture and forest lands based on natural regeneration by electrified fences

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: The aim is to avoid any animals grazing in the targeted areas by establishing electrified fences around the areas, conserving natural conditions of pasture and forestry lands, strengthening the communities’ incomes growth, and planting trees resilient to climate change, thereby contributing to maintaining soil of the areas healthy.

Methods: The project facilitated the following activities: Setting electrified fences that are generated by solar power, strengthening the regeneration of natural forest tree, planting fruiting trees for their sustainable incomes, planting trees such as juniper, pine, poplar, willow, among others. Planting Rosa canina in side of fence and R.C. grown up 2 meter height a few years later and functions as a natural fence. Electrified fence is moved to other site. Also, the project was heavily involved with farmer participation for the planning, fundraising, and implementation with farmers’ initiative.

Stages of implementation: 1. Awareness raising, 2. On the job training, 3. management activity planning, 4. Implementation, 5. Monitoring, 6. Readjustment based on results, 7. Further replication in new area.

Role of stakeholders: The Project had a leading role in initiation, orientation, awareness raising, mobilization, training, consultancy, input provision and mediation of communication. The local farmers have been actively participating, have provided labor input / financial contribution, provided indigenous knowledge and skills. Local authorities - providing land titles, participation in planning and decision making process. There are 5 households involved with in this project. The two Tajik communities (Duoba in Hisor and Kumarg in Ayni), each of which is consisting of 35 members. The members of all households took part in discussion rounds and training. Women: farmers came to the discussions together with their wives in certain level; the women took part in training, in implementing almost all of the adoption measures, and equally benefited from the project. However, they were not involved in decision making.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (natural regeneration, pasture management, protecting fruits trees, strengthening community incomes, resilient to climate change )

The aim is to avoid any animals grazing in the targeted areas by establishing electrified fences around the areas, conserving natural conditions of pasture and forestry lands, strengthening the communities’ incomes growth, and planting trees resilient to climate change, thereby contributing to maintaining soil of the areas healthy.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Lack of land tenure rights implementation. Nominal state farm reorganization. Low agricultural production - lands depleted of nutrients, very low yields, no crop rotation, all of which have led heavy concentration on overgrazing by domestic cattle. Soil degradation particularly by heavy precipitation and gully formation. Lack of technical knowledge and awareness of soil & water conservation measures. Lack of cash to invest in development of land - just limited capacity to invest but need external financial input. Poverty - underlying cause of general lack of potential to invest in development.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	external support	farmers meeting with the team for orientation explaining goals, objectives. The communities who had strong understanding and willingness have only been selected.
planning	interactive	on site planning with farmers
implementation	interactive	training on the job, material inputs, and labor provision, cross visits
monitoring/ evaluation	interactive	Visits from the team at least once a month since the beginning, communications on ongoing activities, finding solutions.
Research	self-mobilization	The team shares with the farmers the findings.

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly land users, supported by SLM specialists

Explain:

mainly by sustainable land management specialists from Shizuoka University, State Forest Agency, and Forestry Research Institute, with consultation of land users.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. mainly by sustainable land management specialists from Shizuoka University, State Forest Agency, and National Academy of Science, with consultation of land users.

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users
• field staff/ advisers

If relevant, specify gender, age, status, ethnicity, etc.

Training provided for local communities, local authorities, State Forest Agency

Form of training:

• on-the-job
• farmer-to-farmer
• demonstration areas
• public meetings
• courses

Subjects covered:

Training focused on how to plant trees and how to manage them, how to set up the fences, how to use the fences,

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

Name of method used for advisory service: Prof.Dr.Yoshitaka Kakubari;
Key elements: consultation on fencing concepts and choice for preventing from overgrazing, capacity building in strategy design, draft development plan for fence managements; 4. Land use management design considering soil depth, inclination and exposure. 5. Consultation on irrigation design, piping and making water channels 6. Consulting dry farming for good trapping of surface runoff and terrace planting method. 7. Treatment of tree saplings and transportation to the field. 8. Treatment of tree sapling on nursery, light and water regulation. 9. Grand treatment and cleaning, transportation of fertilization 10. Consultation on Planting, and judgment of leaf

Advisory service is totally inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The extension system is inadequate to ensure continuation of activities. The government branches need more development and organization to become able to manage land conservation activities; an independent advisory service is not in place, the only potential still exists within the DWHH Project

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, a little

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

• advising to make a land use managements

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by other through observations; indicators: Frequent visits and observations by the project team - tree planting, growing situation, regeneratio

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by None through measurements; indicators: Ad hoc observations by the project team - labor availability, etc.

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through observations; indicators: Regular measurements by the project team- fodder produced cent/ha, vegetables

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by None through observations; indicators: Ad hoc observations by land users and frequent visits by the project team

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by None through measurements; indicators: Ad hoc observations by land users and frequent visits by the project team - technology adaptation ba

area treated aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were None monitored by None through observations; indicators: None

There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: There were no changes in the approach. However, the trees planted by the local communities after technical advice and demonstration was not appropriately planned, therefore, after the monitoring and evaluation, they were re-planted. Also, the project team realized that it would be better to have plant relatively young trees as they adapt better in the targeted areas.

There were few changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: I'm able to confirm them after and after they can treat tools and planting materials before they have done. It was very roughly to treat root system of planting saplings, therefore material becomes very weak and easy to die.

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• ecology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

It focuses on observation of the trees and other plants in the fenced areas, especially regeneration of originally seeded plants. Tree growth rates and damages of grazing are recorded inside and outside of fencing area.　For getting evidence by electric fences, we will try a small experiment. We shall confirm that electric fence protects plants from grazing of domestic animals.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• 10,000-100,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (Japanese Society Promotion of Sciences (JSPS) and JICA): 100.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

No

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

• agricultural

• construction

• infrastructure

• other

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• paid in cash

Comments:

It is important to pay to land users and regional villagers.

Also labour is paid in food-for-work

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

If yes, describe how:

Finally it will be getting the sustainable land management condition in future without any support.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

JSPS Home Page 'Reforestation and forestation in aim of reduction of generation of greenhouse gases and lessening of global warming, Yoshitaka KAKUBARI, 2009

Available from where? Costs?

JSPS, Japan