1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Stubble crop for cultivation of grain crops (spring wheat).

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: Crop on the stubble includes. 1) In the spring May 15-25, without special preparations that is on stubble, crop of grain crops is made. 2) Crop is made by stubble seeder. 3) Depth of closing up of seeds of 6-8 centimeters. 4) Norm of seeding is 180 kg per 1 ha. 5) Productivity on stubble is 11,5 centner/ha. The given approach prevents crops from wind and water erosion, goes moisture accumulation in a soil cover and accumulation of organic. Problem of soil degradation is especially sharp in North Kazakhstan, zone of the grain agriculture. For the period of the long-term plugging of virgin land the content of humus has decreased by 5-20% and more. 1.2 billion tons or 28.3% from 4.3 billion tons of the humus stocks of the arable layer (0-25 sm) are irrevocable lost because of mineralizing the organic substance, subtraction with a crop, water and wind erosion. In 70th years in Kazakhstan have developed and introduced soil-protective system of agriculture due to wich has been stopped soils erosion and also the productivity is essentially increased. Before introduction of soil-protective system the productivity in northern Kazakhstan made of 5-7c/ha. After introduction of soil-protective system of agriculture the productivity has raised up to 12-15 c/ha. One of the elements of soil-protective system of agriculture ??¡§ are crop on stubble. In the conditions of Kazakhstan, the plowing and crop should be carried out with preservation of stubble in a fallow field once for rotation. It promotes preservation and rational use of the vegetative rests and moisture reduction of industrial expenses and also increase in productivity of grain crops.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• traditional/ indigenous

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused on SLM only (Herbicides, moisture accumulation, crop rotation)

Prevention of wind and water erosion of soils, increase in productivity of grain crops in a steppe zone of Kazakhstan, preservation of moisture accumulation.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Prevention of water and erosion on an arable land.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	passive	public meetings; Meetings of farmers
planning	passive	workshops/seminars; Popularization of the approach
implementation	self-mobilization	responsibility for major steps; Personal interest of farmers
monitoring/ evaluation	none
Research	none

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users

Explain:

Necessity for preservation of fertility of the grounds and struggle against erosion.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. Introduction

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

Recommendations on system of conducting of an agri; Key elements: Distribution of methodical manuals, Distribution of agromelioratives directories; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: By personal contact 2) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Seminars, conversations, joint introductions of the approach

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; The state structures and services of training are not present

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, greatly

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• equipment

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were regular monitored through observations

ecological aspects were regular monitored through observations

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: The methodical approach remains constant. Changes have been brought in a technological part the design of a seeder was improved.

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• economics / marketing
• ecology
• technology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

1.Selection of grades of the grain crops. 2.Designing and creation of technique (seeders SZS-2). 3.Development of recommendations on conducting a grain husbandry in dried steppe and steppe zone.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• < 2,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national): 100.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• yes

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Maintenance of guaranteed crops (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The same)
Maintenance of guaranteed incomes (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The same)
Increase of fertility of the grounds (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular application of SWC approaches)
Reduces danger of display of water and wind erosion (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Regular application of SWC approaches)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Provides a guaranteed crops (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Ecological propagation and education)
Increase of fertility of the grounds (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To expand the areas of application of SWC approach)
Decrease of eroded lands (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To expand an area of application of SWC approach)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Ecological limitation of SWC approach	Investments are necessary

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Lack of means at small farmers	Cooperation of farms and infusing of investments

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Gossen E.F. Without rotation of layer, Almaty 2000 ySoil-protective agriculture Baraev A.I., Moscow 'Floc' 1975 y

Available from where? Costs?

SPC for Grain Husbandry of the Baraev???s name 15$SPC for Grain Husbandry Baraev A.I. 10$

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Soil-protective agriculture Baraev A.I., Moscow 'Floc' 1975

Available from where? Costs?

SPC for Grain Husbandry Baraev A.I. 10$