1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Danida assisted Karnataka Watershed Development Project, Bijapur (Danida assisted Karnataka Watershed Development Project, Bijapur) - India

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

SWC approach is a participatory methodology to empower the community to plan, implement, monitor, evaluate and manage the SWC technology to bring about sustainability

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: (1) to develop a feeling of ownership, (2) to compare the management of assets created during and after the project in the sustainable manner, (3) to develop capacity amongst the weeker section of the community especially women and resource person, (4) to involve the community at every stage of implementation of the project.

Methods: (1) Participatory Rural Appriasal (PRA), (2) village resourse mapping, (3) training and exposure visits, (4) formation of self help groups, users groups, cattle brreders association, (5) sharing of costs and responsibility (6) partnership with other NGOs, (6) establishment of linkages and networking (7) empowering the coimmnunity throough the livelihood support programs

Stages of implementation: (1) creating awareness, (2) PRA excercises, (3) formation of village level institutions, (4) microplanning, (5) capacity building measures, (6) sharing of cost and responsibilities of management of common property resorses, (7) associating with NGOs and other institutions in rural development (example MANAGE, ICRISAT, University of Agricultural Sciences etc)

Role of stakeholders: (A) participants are of four category (1) project staff (government), (2) members of village level institutions, (3) NGOs and other link organizations and other institutions, (4) international donors (B) Roles :- (1) providing technical support and guidance at every stage of implementation, (2) participation at every stage of implementation, sharing of cost and responsibilities (3) Providing additional technical support (4) providing financial support, guidance, monitoring & evaluation at every stage of implementation.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused on SLM only (farm pond, waterharvesting, holistic demonstration)

(1) to develop a feeling of ownership, (2) to compare the management of assets created during and after the project in the sustainable manner, (3) to develop capacity amongst the weeker section of the community, especially women and resource poors, (4) to involve the community at every stage of implementation of the project

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: (1) The problem addressed include non involvement of the community at different stages of implementation of the project. (2) Lack of empowerment and capacity for the deprived class of the community

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	passive	Mainly:rapid/participatory rural appraisal; partly: interviews/questionnaires; There were the village meeting (gram sabha), group discussions, participatory rural appriasal tools were implemented.
planning	interactive	Mainly: interviews/questionnaires; partly: public meetings; The transect walks with farmers to their individual survey fields during preparation of action plans.
implementation	external support	Mainly: casual labour; partly: responsibility for major steps; The members of various village level institutions like VWDC used to be present while implementation of CWS activities on common land while those on their individual lands were taken care by respective farmers. Here the cost sharing was t
monitoring/ evaluation	self-mobilization	Mainly: measurements/observations; partly: reporting; As and when needed evaluation and status of the structures were taken care by both members and also individually.
Research	none

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly land users, supported by SLM specialists

Explain:

the land users want ot implement the activity in consultation with SWC specialists

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users

• planners

Form of training:

• farmer-to-farmer
• demonstration areas
• public meetings

Form of training:

• exposure visits, subject matter trainings

Subjects covered:

Regular training were conducted on the subject matter and other technical aspects of various SWC to be implemented in the upper reach, middle reach and in the lower reach etc, for the farmers and other members of VLI, along with the regular other trainings on accounting & book keeping, capacity building etc.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• at permanent centres

Describe/ comments:

Name of method used for advisory service: group discussion, interaction, exposure visits; Key elements: group discussion, interaction, exposure visits; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: projects own extension structure and agents; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: subject matter trainings, orientation trainings etc

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Since the project staff has complete responsibility of the watershed and since all the staff is government staff, it is adequate for one watershed area.

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• capacity building/ training

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored through observations

technical aspects were regular monitored through measurements

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored through observations

economic / production aspects were regular monitored through measurements

area treated aspects were regular monitored through observations

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored through measurements

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored through observations

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Like involving the people since day one of the project. First capacity development of the stakeholders and then implementing the activities etc. This would increase the sustainability of the project interventions.

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

Not applicable

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (donation by the donor agency DANIDA): 90.0%; local community / land user(s) (cost sharing): 10.0%

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

• agricultural

• infrastructure

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• uncertain

If no or uncertain, specify and comment:

At present due to the continuous support and maintenance of the project staff the lnd users are enthusiastic to use the approach to carry out the acivities but it will be premature to comment at this stage whether they continue to use the approach once no one visits them and make a follow up.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
it has helped them to learn new technology by involving themselves (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: other project/ programs should involve these)
they have developed feeling of ownership (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: other projects/ programs should allow them to make decisions)
learnt te importance of living in harmony and resolving the conflicts (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: conflict resolution should be top most priority while implementing other projects/ programs)
they feel that their capacity and skills are enhanced by organizing the village level institutions. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: on going support in terms of training and exposure visits should be continued.)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Participatory approaches involves all the staeholders (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: in every other projects or programs the approach whould be continued.)
The land users should feel the ownership (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: feeling should be continue even after the withdrwal of the project for 1 or 2 years)
there will conntribution from all the stake holders (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: other government project should also develop the procedure of contribution)
it is te best tool to introduce the new technology (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: whenever the new technology is introduced all the stakeholders should be involved.)
Oppressed class of the people are also involved in the project activities (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: government projects/ programs should develop a system wherein the oppressed class in the community have a say over the decision making)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
treatment of land with one of the forest activities and then SWC measures	more focus on the SWC approach
ridge line approach	taking up acivities in the lands which have been leftover during previous years
language problem when interacting with the people from the hamlets	better facilitating and involving the educated people of the hamlets while interacting
formation of the users group focusig activities after the planting work is over	organising the stakeholders in to UG before undertaking the activities.
not much imortance is given to the land users demands during the initial period especially regardnign field bunds	before planting and implementing the activities, landusers demands should be taken into consideration

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Low level of literacy	Regular training and capacity building trainings
shortage of women staff in the project restricting the interaction with the women land owners	Regular gender sensitization training to the project staff.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information