1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University (Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Beijing Normal University) - China

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Approach

Terraces are built on a slope land which as a raised bank made up of earth or stone with vertical or sloping sides and an approximately flat top to control soil erosion and preserve and enhance soil fertility.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: A terrace has a raised bank made up of earth or stone with vertical or sloping sides and a flat top. It can reduce slope angle and length, wrap runoff, increase infiltration and reduce soil loss. Crops can grow well because water increases in the soil. The ground cover is improved. Terraces can be constructed by manual labor or machine. Firstly, surveying the slope hills and determining width of terraces according to the slope angle and soil texture. Secondly, leveling up the slope and constructing the banks. Thirdly, maintaining. The terraces are implemented together by state, local A terrace has a raised bank of earth or stone with vertical or sloping sides and a approximately flat top. It can reduce slope angle and length, retain runoff, increase infiltration and reduce the soil loss. Crops can grow well because water increases in soils. Meanwhile, ground cover is improved. Terrace can be constructed by manual labor or machine. Firstly, determining the width of the field according to the slope angle and soil texture. Secondly, putting the topsoil aside. Thirdly, leveling up the slope and constructing banks. At last, putting the topsoil to the top of the flat surface.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• traditional/ indigenous

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Increasing crop yield.)

The main objectives of the approach were conserving soil and water on slope land and enhancing soil fertility.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Soil loss and land degradation, lack of fund and technology.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	none	rapid/participatory rural appraisal; The approach is a traditional way to harvest water and wrap soils, SWC applied land users easy to understand and accept it if some subsidy being obtained.
planning	passive	interviews/questionnaires; Being involved in the planning.
implementation	self-mobilization	responsibility for minor steps; Being involved in the planning.
monitoring/ evaluation	passive	reporting; No participating.
Research	none

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users

Explain:

consultative.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by politicians / leaders. Generally, land users request. A proposal is prepared by SWC specialists or local government and submitted to leaders for being examined and approved.

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users

• extensionists/trainers, politicians/decision makers

Form of training:

• farmer-to-farmer
• demonstration areas
• courses

Subjects covered:

Teaching them how to design and build terraces on a slope land etc.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

Local government and SWC division.; Key elements: Demonstration, Visiting, Visiting; 1) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system 2) Advisory service was carried out through: government's existing extension system; Extension staff: mainly government employees 3) Target groups for extension: land users; Activities: Explain and demonstrate

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; At each government level, there is a SWC division which is in charge of SWC activities including extension.

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, moderately

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• financial

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

technical aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

area treated aspects were regular monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

no. of land users involved aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through measurements; indicators: None

management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by 0 through observations; indicators: None

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: None

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• economics / marketing
• ecology
• technology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: government (national - fund): 100.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• equipment

• agricultural

• infrastructure

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• paid in cash

Comments:

do some work during the construction of the terrace

Labour was also rewarded with other material support

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

Yes

Specify conditions (interest rate, payback, etc.):

Interest rate charged: 0.5%

Interest was lower than market rate.

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• no

If no or uncertain, specify and comment:

no enough money and knowledge

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
increase in production
Easier to till

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Reduction of the slope angle (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Raising terrace bank.)
reduction of the slope length (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Protecting terrace banks by planting trees or others.)
Harvest of the runoff and increase in infiltration (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Protecting the banks)
increase in soil fertility and organic matter (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Applying manure and fertilizer)
improvement of ground cover (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: no till with mulching.)

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Cost much.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Decrease in production in the first1-2 year(s)	Fertilizering plenty of manure.
The ridge of the terrace is possible to be destroyed by storms and rats	Repairing and maintaining in time.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Suide Water and Soil Conservation examination station of Yellow River Water Resources Committee

Available from where? Costs?

Corpus of Test Research of Water and Soil Conservation (the second volume), 1981 ,p130~185

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Water and Soil Conservation Department of Yellow River Water Resources Committee of Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power.

Available from where? Costs?

Corpus of economic benefits of water and soil measures, 1987, p77~102, 510~514

Title, author, year, ISBN:

ongyinglin,Changpiguang ,Wangzhihua. Discussion on the several questions on increasing production of the terrace with two banks.

Available from where? Costs?

Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi, 1990, No.1, p36~37.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Jiangdingsheng. Discussion on section design of the terrace on the Loess Plateau.

Available from where? Costs?

ACTA CONSERVATIONIS SOLI ET AQUAE SINICA, 1987,Vol.1,No.2, p28~35

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Liangqichun, Changfushuang , Liming. A study on drawing up budgetary estimate quota of terraced field.

Available from where? Costs?

Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001,Vol.21,No.5, p41~44

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Liumingquan, Zhangaiqin, Liyouhua. Pattern engineering of reconstruction the slope cropland.

Available from where? Costs?

Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi, 1992,No.3, p18~21.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Lixuelian,Qiaojiping. Synthetic technology of fertilizing and improving production on the new terrace.

Available from where? Costs?

Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology in Shanxi, 1998,No.3,p13~14.

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Terraces in China.

Available from where? Costs?

Ministry of Water Resources of China.The press of Jilin science technology , 1989