1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Approach

SWC using participatory approach in conservation agriculture application of crop rotation, crop residues, covercrops and intercropping by conducting demonstrations, conducting field schools/days and training

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Aims / objectives: To introduce farmer groups to sustainable land use practices namely conservation agriculture and evaluate management technologies with farmers in order to come up with best practices that farmer can use. (ii) To demonstrate conservation agriculture technology (iii) To conduct economic analysis of the different patterns of cropping system involvedn i conservatio n agriculture (iv) To prepare work plan for conservation agriculture activities.

Methods: i)Baseline survey conducted consisted of structured questionnaires to gather information demographic socio-economic data of the villages in the study structure and size of the family, age, education of household members, available land and resource endowment (ii) Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools were used to collect information from villages in the study area (iii) Both purposive and random sampling techniques were used the villages were purposively sampled and householdswere randomly selected for questionnaire interviews.Pair wise scoring and ranking enabled the analysis of problems hindering adoption land management technologies. (iv) Semi structured interviews were used to get information to key informants Forty plots were established to demonstrate conservation agriculture

Stages of implementation: a)Collecting base line information in eight villages b)Participatory rural appraisal in eight villages to identify problems and gather information on soil conservation techniques. c) Selecting participating farmersd) Setting demonstration plots and planting crops in farmers field e) Conducting training/ field days/ and schools.f).Evaluating the agriculture conservation technology.

Role of stakeholders: a)Farmers/land users set demonstration plots on CA in their own fieldsb)Researchers and Extension staff assisted farmers in setting demonstration plots and follow up of activities

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The Approach focused on SLM only (crop roration, cover crop, mulch, crop residues)

i.To disseminate conservation agriculture in the tree based farming systems of coastal area in Tanzania. ii.To evaluate soil management practices used by small holders iii.To conduct economic analysis of the different patterns of cropping system involved in conservation agriculture

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low agricultural productivity,Lack of technical knowledge, Lack of cash to invest in SLM, and poverty

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	self-mobilization	researchers,extension staff and farmers. Informal meetingsconducted to discuss land issues problemsurveys, questionnaires.carried out to gather various information, soil conservation practices......
planning	interactive	researchers,extension staff and farmers.Results from.questionaires gave guidance in planning,planting materials,size of plots,inputs
implementation	self-mobilization	researchers,extension staff were involved in supervision of activities setting demonstration plots,conducting farmer.field days, exchange visits Farmers managed.their plots.
monitoring/ evaluation	interactive	researchers,extension staff and farmers. visited the..plots.regurally. . to minitor progress. at different growth stage
Research	none

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users

Explain:

land users consists of small holder farmers included various groups from young to old, females and males, poor to middle income farmers. Organised meeting.with villagers

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by land users supported by SLM specialists. Farmers.and extension staff. Farmers formed groups with help of extension staff. .The Farmer groups composed women, men from young to old people female headed households

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users
• field staff/ advisers

• politicians

If relevant, specify gender, age, status, ethnicity, etc.

training included variety of small scale farmers of all categories

Form of training:

• farmer-to-farmer
• demonstration areas
• public meetings

Subjects covered:

Soil water conservation practices more emphasis was in conservation griculture techniques ( cover cropping, rotation mulching and crop residues.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

Name of method used for advisory service: Field days and field schools; Key elements: crop rotation, cover cropping,rentention of crop /plant residues in the field and much , Types of cover crops

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Lack of extension staff and transport. Lack of funds by local government

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, a little

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Specify type of support:

• capacity building/ training

Give further details:

workshop and visits

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

Yes

Specify topics:

• sociology

Give further details and indicate who did the research:

By farmers, reseacher and extension staff through PRA and on farm demonstration plots

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• < 2,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (implementation of approach): 80.0%; government (Supervision of approach): 20.0%

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• agricultural

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• voluntary

Comments:

Labour was voluntary.

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• no

If no or uncertain, specify and comment:

As an individual farmer may continue but as a group activity could be difficulty as funds is a limiting factor

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view

1)Presence of effective District council authority 2)Presence of Research Institution 3).Presence of Credit Saving Soceities (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1)Involvement .of farmer groups in planning of .development activities at all stages 2)Work closely with district councils.and village authorities in issues of land management programme 3)Farmers to join Credit society to secure loans for their farms 4)inorder to expand .impoved practices of CA)

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view

1)Ample land for agriculture in the two district is an incentive for expansion in CA 2).Willingness.of farmers to adopt CA is high 3)Formal education of farmers is enough to enable to them to follow up technical issues with help of research and extension staff (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: 1)Strengthening advisory services on CA 2)Have more training programes in CA to all stakeholders. 3)participation in agricultural shows exhibitions and field schools )

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
1.Poverty 2.In adequate marketing facility 3.Men and youths not fully engaged in agriculture.	1. Provide input subsidies (seeds, fertilizer, machinery) 2. Goverment provide market facility 3. Education on gender issues

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
1.lack of CA knowledge 2.In adequate .facility, funds to implement CA 3.inadequate marketing facilty. 3.	1.Conduct. training .programme to. extension staff, framers, policy makers 2. Governments and donor should avail more funds for CA programmes 3.Government .to assist. local. authority construction of mark-ert.facility

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Project no. Q 701 promoting conservation agriculture for sustained productivity of tree based farming system incoastal belt of Tanzania, Mikocheni Agriculture Research.InstituteDar es Salaam Tanzania

Available from where? Costs?

Tanzania /300 usdollar