1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihoods (ELMAR)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)

Aga Khan Foundation (Aga Khan Foundation) - Switzerland

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/07/2014

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

2.1 Short description of the Approach

"Pasture and Livestock Management Plan" is a participatory approach which is guiding pasture users, members of Pasture User Unions and Pasture User Groups to develop their action plan on pasture and livestock management. The approach brings together stakeholders, who are involved at any stage in pasture management or can contribute to or impede the implementation of the pasture livestock management plan.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

Pasture and Livestock Management Plan (PLMP) Approach is a participatory approach towards the development of a pasture plan with communities to ensure a sustainable use of pasture resources. It was especially designed for the needs of the Pasture User Union, a new structure allowed to establish at community level to implement better management of their pasture resources. Though a step-by-step analysis of the current situation a community will come up with detailed action plan for the following three years. The PLMP involves, but is not limited to, the establishment of a committee involved in preparation of the PLMP, as well as a stakeholder analysis and the determination of the carrying capacity of pasture resources by comparing the existing fodder resources and requirements for the fodder. Based on that analysis, an action plan will be developed with involvement of all stakeholders to reach an agreement on approaches and technologies to implement the interventions. The PLMP will lead to the development of the Action Plan based on the discussion between different stakeholders. In the process of the plan development with consideration of an expert a clear roles and responsibilities of all involved actors/stakeholder in a defined timeframe will be identified.
The main objectives is to support land users with development of actions, which contribute to the sustainable development of pasture resource and livestock development. The central focus is given to balance the need of the livestock owners to improve livestock productivity with compromising the environmental conditions for the next generations and ecosystem services. The planning process should contribute to better management of pasture lands, rehabilitation of degraded pastures, resolving any existing conflict over pasture use, awareness raising on the role of pasture land for ecosystem services and overall trends in development with regards to use and management of pasture resources.

The process is based on participatory methods with involvement of different stakeholders capturing main principles for land use planning. The process includes pasture users/livestock owners who are involved in day to day management of pasture lands, local government with related department to pasture use, land owners, different departments of local government such as forestry, land use committee, environmental protection etc.
The approach is conducted in three main stages: In the firs stage consultation with pasture users will be held to identify the need for development of a pasture plan. Then an inventory of all land resources, including pasture land and livestock numbers will be conducted. In the third stage a workshop will be conducted with involvement of all stakeholders, where the pasture plan will be developed. In the final stage of the pasture plan development an action plan with defined clear activities in a given frame and assigned responsible persons will be developed.
Land users, who also own livestock appreciate their involvement in the pasture development planning. They also like when their voice is taken into consideration in making any decision with regards to the pasture use.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

2.7 Type of Approach

• project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The main objective is to support land users with the development of actions, that contribute to the sustainable development of pasture resource and livestock development. The central focus is to balance the need of the livestock owners to improve livestock productivity without compromising the environmental conditions for next generations and ecosystem services. The planning process should contribute to better management of pasture lands, rehabilitation of degraded pastures, resolving any existing conflicts over pasture use, raise awareness on the role of pasture land for ecosystem services and overall trends in development with regards to use and management of pasture resources.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach

	Involvement of local land users/ local communities	Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation	external support	livestock owners, PUU members; consultation with livestock owners, facilitation the process of establishment of PUUs
planning	interactive	land users, PUU members, pasture experts
implementation	interactive	PUU members and expert from project; consultation with stakeholders, conduct workshop and development of the plan
monitoring/ evaluation	external support	from project team and management of PUU

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:

• mainly SLM specialists, following consultation with land users

Explain:

Mainly as a new approach, best practices from the WOCAT database were used by the SLM specialists to introduce to land users and traditional practices were also applied based on the knowledge of land users.

Specify on what basis decisions were made:

• evaluation of well-documented SLM knowledge (evidence-based decision-making)
• personal experience and opinions (undocumented)

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:

• land users
• field staff/ advisers

Form of training:

• on-the-job
• public meetings

Subjects covered:

"Pasture and Livestock Management Plan" methodology, proposal development for fund raising, Environmental Land Management

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:

• on land users' fields

Describe/ comments:

During the project period continuos visits were organized to the project site to review the progress and provide advisory service. The project implmentation team consisting of different experts, including pasture, environmental specialists and monitoring and evaluation experts.

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?

• yes, greatly

Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:

• local

Describe institution, roles and responsibilities, members, etc.

Pasture User Union was established at sub-district level.

Specify type of support:

• financial
• capacity building/ training

Give further details:

Different technical and administrative trainings were provided and the PUU was funded with certain amount for implementation of the PLMP approach.

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

The final section of the PLMP is monitoring and evaluation. At each stage a responsible person among the stakeholders is assigned to conduct the plan implementation. In addition, the project team also conducts monitoring of the approach.

If yes, is this documentation intended to be used for monitoring and evaluation?

Yes

Comments:

The implementing agency has a monitoring methodology, which will be used by the project team to conduct monitoring.

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

No

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:

• 2,000-10,000

Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

World Bank in the framework of ELMARL - Environmental Land Management and Rural Livelihood project

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

No

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

• none

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:

• voluntary

Comments:

This is traditional now and any project fund should be accompanied by contributions from communities, which is mainly labour on a voluntary basis

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

5.5 Other incentives or instruments

Were other incentives or instruments used to promote implementation of SLM Technologies?

No

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?

• uncertain

If no or uncertain, specify and comment:

depends on the availability of funding, leadership and support from other stakeholders, especially local government

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
active participation in the development of the plan
better understanding of the current situation with regards to pasture use and importance of pasture plan development

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
involvement of all stakeholders, especially land users and taking their knowledge and voice into consideration in decision making
building of the knowledge and opening a platform for collaboration between different stakeholders interested in sustainable management of pasture resources

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
time consuming, requires resource in the short term	should be understand as a means of livelihoods and spend more time, improve understanding of better gain in a long term

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
financial resources	should design longer term project to attract funding before the approach becomes self sustained
low capacity of the stakeholders,	more trainings, sharing of experiences
human resources	More focus should be given to younger generation to build their capacity and involve them in the approach development

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Pasture and Livestock Management Plan Manual

Available from where? Costs?

Available upon request

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

Pasture Management Networking Platform (PMNP)

URL:

https://pasture.klink.asia/dms/documents/groups/796?page=2