Approaches

Water Use Management Plan (WUMP) [Pakistan]

WUMP

approaches_747 - Pakistan

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1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Approach

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:

Munawar Khan

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)
Book project: where people and their land are safer - A Compendium of Good Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (where people and their land are safer)
Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Approach (if relevant)
HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

15/11/2014

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Reference(s) to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Technologies

Sub-surface water harvesting for an efficient use of water resources
technologies

Sub-surface water harvesting for an efficient use of … [Pakistan]

The purpose of this water harvesting technology is to capture, collect and distribute sub-surface water. First, an infiltration gallery is developed, which allows the percolation and collection of sub-surface water through perforated pipes at a depth of approximately 3-4.5 metres. Sub-surface water is filtered by gravel/sand underground and infiltrates into …

  • Compiler: Eveline Studer

2. Description of the SLM Approach

2.1 Short description of the Approach

The overall purpose of WUMP is to compile an inventory of available water ressources in a particular geographical or administrative area, to identify communities' priorities in order to achieve an effective, equitable and efficient use of water resources at local level. This approach promotes a participatory and inclusive analysis and implementation of measures for a sustainable management of water, land and related resources.

2.2 Detailed description of the Approach

Detailed description of the Approach:

The WUMP approach has the following specific objectives:
- to assess water available resource, existing uses and requirements
- to determine water access rights and equity issues through inclusive and interactive dialogues
- to plan and manage water resources - considering multiple needs and uses - in a participatry manner.
- to prioritise required measures, considering climate change and disaster risks
- to promote coordinated water resource development for different stakeholders
- to promote a sustainable use of water, protecting water resources and preservation of the environment
- to strengthen local institutions
- to include economically and socially disadvantaged groups
- to promote an interactive dialogue for improvement of regulatory frameworks and policies in the water sector.
The methode involves field visits by field team to collect information from the community, which is done through focus group discussion, preparation of village maps, social and technical questionnaires

The WUMP process consists of four main stages: 1) Preparation; 2) Assessment/analysis of information ; 3) Planning ; 4) Implementation (see flow chart with according sub-steps).

The process and results of a WUMP:
Is based on a participatory process, which promote inclusiveness. It fosters coordination and collaboration among different local stakeholders including government, communities and private sector and helps to establish the baseline situation and a comun understanding. Land users and other local actors appreciate this approach as it promotes a participatory, transparent process for an equitable distribution of water and a sustainable management of water related resources. The approach helps to overcome potential economic or socio-cultural barriers, by providing a comun space for joint analysis, discussion and solution finding by facilitating interaction between stakeholders of different contexts.

2.3 Photos of the Approach

Media Gallery

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Approach has been applied

Country:

Pakistan

Region/ State/ Province:

Dera Ismail Khan Thensil (sub-division), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (province)

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2.6 Dates of initiation and termination of the Approach

Indicate year of initiation:

2014

Year of termination (if Approach is no longer applied):

2019

Comments:

The approach remains valid and applicable also after the termination of a project intervention.

2.7 Type of Approach

  • project/ programme based

2.8 Main aims/ objectives of the Approach

The main aim of the WUMP approach is to assess the availability of water resources, existing uses/demands and future requirements/needs. The WUMP helps to address water access, equity issues and balance these rights through interactive dialogues within the community and other local stakeholders. The WUMP approach contributes therefore actively to water governance and improved management of natural resources.

2.9 Conditions enabling or hindering implementation of the Technology/ Technologies applied under the Approach

social/ cultural/ religious norms and values
  • enabling

The approach helps to overcome potential economic or socio-cultural barriers, by providing a comun space for joint analysis, discussion and solution finding by facilitating interaction between stakeholders of different contexts.

availability/ access to financial resources and services
  • enabling

The implementation of the WUMP tends to increase access to water for production purposes with a positive impact for households/ communities' income.
The results of the WUMP process with its according priorities of intervention are recognized by local government and reflected in local annual development plans and according budgets.
- the WUMP defines options for other actors to investment in water sector based on communities' priorities.

institutional setting
  • enabling

WUMP is steered by the district Coordination Committee at district level having representative from all concerned government departments, Water User Association including women members, representatives from civil society where they adress key issues and take decisionsof the local water sector.

collaboration/ coordination of actors
  • enabling

Collaboration among actors is the central element of the WUMP, which pomotes a coordinated water resource development involving different stakeholders: communities and government and non-governmental organizations. The process, enables local institutions to consider needs and participation of economically and socially disadvantaged groups.

legal framework (land tenure, land and water use rights)
  • enabling

WUMP addresses and defines solutions on water access & equity issues through interactive dialogues.

policies
  • enabling

WUMP can influence sector policies at local level based on the collections of baseline data and evidence, which contributes to improve frame conditions. Topics, priorities and challenges of the WUMP are addressed with stakeholders at district Coordination Committee, which can actively influence policies of the water sector.

knowledge about SLM, access to technical support
  • enabling

The local stakeholders, namely communities are directly involved in the implementation of the WUMP, which improves their knowledge about SLM.

3. Participation and roles of stakeholders involved

3.1 Stakeholders involved in the Approach and their roles

  • local land users/ local communities

Rural local communities, water & land users

Participation as an integral part in preparation at village level. Contribution to the assessment, prioritisation and implementation of the interventions

  • community-based organizations

Water user associations (WUA)/ water users groups (WUG)

Responsible to support and facilitate the WUMP process, social support, provision of primary information. Ensure participation and involvement of all WUA members. Coordinate with relevant authorities and other development actors to identify technical and financial support in their area / water sector.

  • SLM specialists/ agricultural advisers

staff of the Water for Livelihoods Project : WUMP coordinator (engineer, male, 53 years), senior engineer (engineer, male, 43 years)

Coaching and guidance at all level, steering of WUMP process in collaboration with District Government, organize trainings as scheduled, support field teams for the collection of technical and social information/data.

  • NGO

Local partner NGO

Project implementation, social mobilisation and interaction at field level to ensure that the social dimension, local concerns deserving support are adressed and that the water user association (WUA) are inclusive and gender concerns are duly represented. Support water user associations in their advocacy efforts to mobilize resources for WUMP.

  • private sector

Consultant

Compilation of data, collected information and writing of WUMP

  • local government

District Authorities / Administration

Provision of legal and administrative acceptance, recognition and support to WUMP implementation. Support through provision of timely technical services to water user association /groups in WUMP implementation, validation of information (data regarding drinking water supply, irrigation, water use efficiency, soil conservation by Public Health Engineering Department, Irrigation Department, On Farm Water Management Department, Soil Conservation Department ). Participation to ensure a participatory monitoring and provide feedback to the district govt. for improvements in delivering of water sector services.

  • national government (planners, decision-makers)

District and provincial governments

Policy dialogue counter-part to address WUMP issues, which require a change in policies, coordination and engagement with in-line authorities and to allocate resources for the integration and implementation of WUMP in the district development plan (ADP).

  • international organization

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)

Financial ressources. Partner for advocacy and policy dialogues to address key topics in the water sector in their policy dialogue with national government representatives.

If several stakeholders were involved, indicate lead agency:

Water for Livelihoods Project

3.2 Involvement of local land users/ local communities in the different phases of the Approach
Involvement of local land users/ local communities Specify who was involved and describe activities
initiation/ motivation interactive Community through water user association (WUA) and water user group (WUG) in their actvities: support and facilitate the WUMP, ensure that all WUGs are involved in the process, link with relevant authorities and other development actors for technical and financial support development.
planning interactive Community: WUA/WUG in their activities: Participate as an integral part in the preparation of WUMP at village level. Contribute to conducting feasibility, implementation and execution of interventions.
implementation interactive Community: WUA/WUG in their activities: Support a system for cost contribution by the community. Link with relevant authorities and other development actors for seeking the technical and financial support in their area water sector development. Promote and advocate for sustainable development in the water sector.
monitoring/ evaluation interactive Community: WUA/WUG in their activities: Ensure equitable water rights and promote good water governance principles. Ensure strong linkages with WUA/community through regular meetings and documentation of decisions.

3.3 Flow chart (if available)

Description:

The process of WUMP is divided into 4 stages consisting of 13 steps

Author:

Syed Hussain Mustafa, Khan Muhammad, Tawheed Gul, Munawar Khan Khattak

3.4 Decision-making on the selection of SLM Technology/ Technologies

Specify who decided on the selection of the Technology/ Technologies to be implemented:
  • all relevant actors, as part of a participatory approach
Explain:

The technology is selected via mutual consensuses at village council level. This process is facilitated by a SLM specialist. Women - as well as other vulnerable and marginalized groups - are also part of the water user association and participate in the discussion and decision making process. Where joint setting of men & women is not possible due to cultural constraints, separate meetings of men & women are conducted to cover the voices and concerns of both.

Specify on what basis decisions were made:
  • evaluation of well-documented SLM knowledge (evidence-based decision-making)
  • personal experience and opinions (undocumented)

4. Technical support, capacity building, and knowledge management

4.1 Capacity building/ training

Was training provided to land users/ other stakeholders?

Yes

Specify who was trained:
  • land users
  • field staff/ advisers
  • Government department specilist (SLM)
Form of training:
  • on-the-job
  • farmer-to-farmer
  • public meetings
Subjects covered:

Water resources conservation, efficient use of water resources, irrigation water distribution/ scheduling.

Comments:

Water Users are trained in different techniques of water conservation, such as water crop budgeting, local flow measuring techniques, irrigation scheduling with regard to specific crops.
The users are specifically trained in techniques for efficient water use, such as furrow irrigation, raised bed irrigation, mulching etc.

4.2 Advisory service

Do land users have access to an advisory service?

Yes

Specify whether advisory service is provided:
  • on land users' fields
  • at permanent centres
Describe/ comments:

SLM specialist made field visits and provided technical guidance to Land Users
The Land Users visited relevant organizations for technical guidance

4.3 Institution strengthening (organizational development)

Have institutions been established or strengthened through the Approach?
  • yes, moderately
Specify the level(s) at which institutions have been strengthened or established:
  • local
Describe institution, roles and responsibilities, members, etc.

Water User Association (WUA, local Institutions) at district & sub-district level were strengthened. The legally recognize WUA and Apex of the WUA take gradually responsibilities to support and facilitate the WUMP process. The WUAs strives for improvements in the water sector and are a catalyst to bring together and pool communities, civil society organisations, local authorities and other actors of different actors for to address water issues and development options.

Specify type of support:
  • capacity building/ training
Give further details:

Project provided trainings for 16 Water User Associations (WUAs) and 3 Apex WUAs in Chitral, Karak, and DI Khan. These 16 associations aim to improve development in the water sector, to improve water governance to contribute to resolutions in case of disputes amongst different water right holders for an equitable access to water at local and at district level.
Through these trainings, the WUGs/ WUAs members representing various groups/ associations - including representatives from Government Line Agencies are trained in community management & skill training, mediation in case of water disputes, monitoring/documentation and health/hygiene.

4.4 Monitoring and evaluation

Is monitoring and evaluation part of the Approach?

Yes

Comments:

The principle of the monitoring, is to actively engage the communities associations (WUA/WUG) and capture their observations and concerns.
This is done through direct feedbacks from communities, during regular field visits and interaction with technical departments, who receive feedbacks from communities based on regular exchanges.

If yes, is this documentation intended to be used for monitoring and evaluation?

No

Comments:

This documentation is not primarily used for monitoring & evaluation purpose. However it contributes to establish a baseline.

4.5 Research

Was research part of the Approach?

No

5. Financing and external material support

5.1 Annual budget for the SLM component of the Approach

If precise annual budget is not known, indicate range:
  • 2,000-10,000
Comments (e.g. main sources of funding/ major donors):

The cost for the preparation of WUMP depends on the size of the area

5.2 Financial/ material support provided to land users

Did land users receive financial/ material support for implementing the Technology/ Technologies?

Yes

If yes, specify type(s) of support, conditions, and provider(s):

The project and governamental counter parts (Department) provide material and technical support. The community provides in-kind contribution through labor and local material for the imlementation of the measures/ technology.

5.3 Subsidies for specific inputs (including labour)

If labour by land users was a substantial input, was it:
  • voluntary

5.4 Credit

Was credit provided under the Approach for SLM activities?

No

5.5 Other incentives or instruments

Were other incentives or instruments used to promote implementation of SLM Technologies?

No

6. Impact analysis and concluding statements

6.1 Impacts of the Approach

Did the Approach empower local land users, improve stakeholder participation?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The approach supports land and water users to make decisions regarding water use by their own.

Did the Approach enable evidence-based decision-making?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The preparation stage includes an analysis, where information for evidence and later decisions is collected. Once the effectiveness of the approach is recognized, it can be replicated by other communities them-selfs.

Did the Approach help land users to implement and maintain SLM Technologies?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Land users are involved for the implementation and maintenance of the prioritized measures in the WUMP plan, which an efficient use water for productiion and drinking purposes.

Did the Approach improve coordination and cost-effective implementation of SLM?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The WUMP provides options for cost sharing mechanisms amongst different actors, to attract funding for prioritized initiatives. The prioritized initiatives of WUMP are jointly implemented by different stakeholders, which can reduce its costs.

Did the Approach mobilize/ improve access to financial resources for SLM implementation?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The results of WUMP (measures) are included in the official departmental annual development plans and budgets.

Did the Approach improve knowledge and capacities of land users to implement SLM?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The land and water users learnt how to analyse and assess water resources. They learnt about options to address the identified challenges.

Did the Approach improve knowledge and capacities of other stakeholders?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Similarly, all other involved stakeholders' learn how to analysse and asses water resources and know about options to address them.

Did the Approach build/ strengthen institutions, collaboration between stakeholders?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

By establishing a district coordination committee to steer the approach (WUMP) all stakeholders can jointly discuss, address their needs and suggest options to be prioritized.

Did the Approach mitigate conflicts?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Through this approach all stakeholders - especially the up-stream & down stream users - can resolve their water related disputes through dialogue. This contributes to resolve disputes between communities and concerned department.

Did the Approach empower socially and economically disadvantaged groups?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Disadvantaged groups participate in the preparation process of the plan, where they reflect and contribute with their concerns, needs and priorities.

Did the Approach improve gender equality and empower women and girls?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Same participation as the disadvantaged groups. Women are also part of the decision making body.

Did the Approach encourage young people/ the next generation of land users to engage in SLM?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Same participation as the disadvantaged groups. Generall people of the age group 30-45 have are the leader of associations - supported by their elders - to address and develop water ressouce management of their villages.

Did the Approach lead to improved food security/ improved nutrition?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Through the approach water efficient technologies are promoted, which allow to increase production and improve food security.

Did the Approach lead to improved access to water and sanitation?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

Through the approach options to improve access to water for domestic use are promoted. Access to clean drinking water at households' proximity contributes to improved sanitation.

Did the Approach improve the capacity of the land users to adapt to climate changes/ extremes and mitigate climate related disasters?
  • No
  • Yes, little
  • Yes, moderately
  • Yes, greatly

The result of the WUMP approach is a set of options, where efficient use of water and water saving technologies are promoted e.g. water harvesting.

6.2 Main motivation of land users to implement SLM

  • increased production

WUMP aims to improve access and availability of water. More water for irrgation and efficient water use technologies contribute to increased yields. Consequently surface for agricultural production can be extended.

  • increased profit(ability), improved cost-benefit-ratio

By promoting efficient water utilization techniques, this can reduce costs, especially where power driven water pumping is involved.

  • reduced land degradation

Earlier in areas of water scarcity flood irrigation, which leds to erosion, was applied. This approach helps to promote more sustainble irrigation options.

  • reduced risk of disasters

In the initial analysis stage of WUMP different water related hazards, mainly floods and droughts, are identified. As a result options to reduce according risks are identified and promoted.

  • rules and regulations (fines)/ enforcement

This approach help in aligning the traditional rules with formal rules and regulation in water management. The associations are not only right holders but they are also duty barer to communities.

  • environmental consciousness

The approach promotes a sustainable water resource management. It promotes conservation and balances it with an efficient use of water fo rdifferent purposes. At the assessment stage potential problems related to unsustainable practices are analized and addressed.

  • enhanced SLM knowledge and skills

Communities are informed and empowered to identify and contribute to the implementation of options for sustainable water management.

  • conflict mitigation

This approach provide opportunity to all stakeholders especially the up-stream & down stream users to resolve water related disputes through a joint dialogue. It further contributes to resolve disputes between communities and govtl. departments.

6.3 Sustainability of Approach activities

Can the land users sustain what has been implemented through the Approach (without external support)?
  • yes
If yes, describe how:

For the prioritisation of technologies implemented through WUMP, options which require only minimal external inputs and are easy to sustain by the land user, where promoted.

6.4 Strengths/ advantages of the Approach

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Participatory and inclusive process, which ensures ownership by local actors, promotes coordination and fosters partnerships between different actors.
The proritized measures selected through the WUMP approach promote a sustainable use of water resources through water conservation and efficient water use.
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Strengthening of local institutional capacities, establishment ofan inventory/ data used as base line in the water sector.
Flexible for improvement, since the WUMP is reviewed each 3-5 year
Officially recognized and accepted planning tool at regional level, which provides opportunities for investment by other actors based on communities' priorities.

6.5 Weaknesses/ disadvantages of the Approach and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
Time consuming preparation process, high initial cost for the preparation

 Ensure regular feature of planing (continuous process)
Lack of technical capacities at local level Capacity building trainings of local institutions (VOs/ WUAs/WUGs) in planning. Provide suport at local level through the project and government extension services.
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
Replication and upscaling require talor-made adjustments


 Technical capacity building of govt. departments.
WUMP application in large scale in areas (big catchment areas, limited access) Lobbying for support and resources at different governmental level.
Important mobilisation of resources by other stakeholders for implementation Inclusion of WUMP priorities by the govt. department in their respective annual development plans.

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

- field visit all involved villages, organisation of focal group discussions

  • interviews with land users

land user where the key informants.

  • interviews with SLM specialists/ experts

Meeting with technical departments for data/ information regarding their respective services and experience

  • compilation from reports and other existing documentation

Support from secondary data/ reports of the concerned department, analysis of the primary data, compilation and reporting.

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

Water Use master Plan (WUMP) Project experience Nepal, Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation Nepal

URL:

https://assets.helvetas.org/downloads/13_waterusemasterplan_wump_blau_final_engl_a4_portrait.pdf

Title/ description:

Water Use master Plan (WUMP) - facilitator's guide book, 2015, Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation Nepal

URL:

http://www.rainfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Nepal-Module-final_SF.pdf

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