1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Tajik Soil Insitute (Tajik Soil Institute) - Tajikistan

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences) - Tajikistan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

05/07/2010

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Cultivation of grain, potatoes and forage crops (esparzet) under the protection of windbreak live fence in the zone of risky agriculture (in the arid highlands traditional livestock zone of the Pamirs) above 3300m a.s.l

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Purpose of the Technology: Increase the possibility of subsistence grain, potatoes and fodder. Reduce the dependence of yield of sharp daily fluctuations of temperature, cold winds and frost

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

sowing of cereals and potatoes in a frame of trees had started 18 years ago, and sowing esparzet on third part of their land began in 2008, seeing in the center of Jamoat Vankala esparzet that have been produced through MSDSP, swapped seeds and planted

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): low natural fertility of the stony shallow soils, short growing season, the zone of risky agriculture, farming is not possible without irrigation, despite the low temperatures

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): low temperatures at night in growing period , often leading to freezing of potato and grain maturation ..

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology): Mixed: Mf: Agroforestry

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use before implementation of the Technology:

Grazing land: Ge: Extensive grazing land

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• full irrigation

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 90Longest growing period from month to month: June-August

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• agroforestry
• windbreak/ shelterbelt

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 0.015 m2.

farmer's land is composed of several disparate fields, rather than one large area

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Main measures: agronomic measures, vegetative measures, structural measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: better crop cover, cover cropping, manure / compost / residues, furrows (drainage, irrigation)

Type of vegetative measures: aligned: -against wind, aligned: -along boundary

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bc: reduction of vegetation cover, Bq: quantity / biomass decline

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (lack of electricity and a long winter forced people to cut most of trees), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (food unsecurity), overgrazing (because of the inability to sent livestock to remote pastures in Murgab), change in temperature (frequent frosts in the vegetation season lead to the eradication (t° variability)), population pressure (Because of need for subsistence there is intense pressure on arable land), poverty / wealth (Basically, all people are poor)

Secondary causes of degradation: soil management (The need for subsistence from 92th forced people to do farming), droughts (High aridity, minimum precipitation. forced to irrigate), labour availability (work is only in 1-9 classes school and on little ambulatory.), inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …) (complete isolation in winter, bad roads, no access to the market), education, access to knowledge and support services (There is a school until 9 class), war and conflicts (after the crisis of the 90s and the civil war forced to subsistence)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

Comments:

Secondary goals: prevention of land degradation, rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), increase in organic matter, increase in nutrient availability (supply, recycling,…), reduction in wind speed, increase of biomass (quantity)

Secondary technical functions: increase of surface roughness, improvement of topsoil structure (compaction), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase / maintain water stored in soil, water harvesting / increase water supply, promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use

Better crop cover
Material/ species: barley
Quantity/ density: 200kg/ha

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: manure
Quantity/ density: 4t/ha

Furrows (drainage, irrigation)
Material/ species: irrigation canals net
Quantity/ density: 200/ha

Aligned: -against wind
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 1
Vertical interval within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Aligned: -along boundary
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Waterway
Material: Earth

Trees/ shrubs species: T- sea buckthorn, in the begining - planted

Perennial crops species: C-esparzet on 1\3 of the field

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 5-8%

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Somoni

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

4.52

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Clean up the plot of the stones and shrubs	Vegetative
2.	plowing	Vegetative
3.	manuring	Vegetative
4.	Sowing of barley, rye	Vegetative
5.	Planting potatoes	Vegetative
6.	preparing sea-buckthorn seedlings	Vegetative	spring
7.	bringing and putting manure in the holes	Vegetative	end of spring
8.	manure	Vegetative
9.	planting seedlings along the irrigation canal	Vegetative	planting seedlings along the irrigation canal
10.	irrigation of the seedlings	Vegetative

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Cleaning up the plot	Persons/day	4.0	30.0	120.0	100.0
Labour	Plowing	Persons/day	6.0	30.0	180.0	100.0
Labour	Manuring	Persons/day	7.0	30.0	210.0	100.0
Labour	Preparing sea-buckthorn	Persons/day	3.0	35.0	105.0	100.0
Plant material	Barley rye seeds	ha	1.0	430.0	430.0	100.0
Plant material	Potatoe seeds	ha	1.0	110.0	110.0	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Manure	kg	400.0	0.0625	25.0
Other	Labour: Bringing and putting manure in the holes	Persons/day	2.0	35.0	70.0	100.0
Other	Labour: Planting seedlings along the irrigation cana	Persons/day	4.0	35.0	140.0	100.0
Other	Labour: Irrigation of the seedlings	Persons/day	1.0	35.0	35.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					1425.0

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	irrigation of the crop fields	Agronomic	during growing/
2.	irrigation of potatoes field	Agronomic	during growing/
3.	weeding of potatoes field	Agronomic	during growing/2-3time
4.	harvesting potatoes	Agronomic	september/every year
5.	harvesting crops	Agronomic	september/every year
6.	irrigation of bushes	Vegetative
7.	pruning and cutting the brunches	Vegetative
8.	mowing the natural grass	Vegetative

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Weeding / harvesting of potatoes field	Persons/day	4.0	30.0	120.0	100.0
Labour	Harvesting crops	Persons/day	6.0	30.0	180.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					300.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: shovel, shears,axe

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Altitudinal zone: 3300m

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: < 10 persons/km2

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state

Land use rights:

• leased

Water use rights:

• open access (unorganized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local windstorm	well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	not well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• more than 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

1 housefold in an area of 1.5 ha

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%