1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

30/08/2000

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

The Small Farm Rerservoir is an earth dam structure used to trap harvest and store rainfall and water runoff.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The small farm reservoir (SFR) is a small water impounding earth dam structure to collect rainfall and runoff, designed for use in a single farm, and typically has an area of about 300-2,000 square meters. The embankment height above ground level is less than 4 meters. It can be easily constructed with a bulldozer or manual labor. Irrigation is done with PVC siphon pipes or pumps. SFR is used in rainfed-growing areas to provide supplemental irrigation to a wet season crop and partial irrigation to a dry season crop. Aside from irrigation and aquaculture, water in the reservoir could also be used for small scale livestock watering, wallowing areas for animals, e.g. ducks and picnic ground.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

From other areas with similar (areas where runoff can be collected and impounded and used for supplementary irrigation).

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Very low yield of any crop due to inadequate moisture to sustain crop growth.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Unpredictable weather condition or occurrence of extreme climatic condition (La Nina or El Nino) constrained yield improvement.

3.3 Further information about land use

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 180, Longest growing period from month to month: May - Oct; Second longest growing period in days: 120, Second longest growing period from month to month: Nov - Feb

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• water harvesting
• irrigation management (incl. water supply, drainage)
• water diversion and drainage

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 100-1,000 km2

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 8884 m2.
The Department of Agriculture (DA) thru the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM) and different DA-Regional Field Units has embarked on intensive and fast-track implementation of the technology to conserve rain water during wet season to prevent flooding and to provide supplemental irrigation during dry season.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, legume inter-planting, rotations / fallows, minimum tillage

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Uses of Small Farm Reservoir (SFR) system
Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate
Main technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, water harvesting / increase water supply

Rotations / fallows
Material/ species: rice, corn, peanut

Minimum tillage
Material/ species: minimum tillage
Construction material (earth): The structure on earth dam

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

Phil. Peso

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

43.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	1. Cleaning	Vegetative	onset of rains (May-June)
2.	2. Layouting/staking	Vegetative	onset of rains
3.	3. Rotovating or plowing	Vegetative
4.	4. Basal fertilization	Vegetative
5.	5. Planting	Vegetative
6.	1. Site Investigation,Examination of soil profile	Structural	Start of Project
7.	2. Orienting the bulldozer operator on one technique of embankment and clearing the staked-out area	Structural
8.	3. Scapping the top soil	Structural
9.	3. Embankment construction	Structural

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	1. Irrigation	Agronomic
2.	2. Minimum tillage	Agronomic
3.	3. Planting	Agronomic
4.	1. Weeding	Vegetative	/Monthly
5.	2. Fertilization	Vegetative
6.	3. Irrigation	Vegetative	dry season /weekly
7.	1. Canal maintenance	Structural	as need arises
8.	2. Watershed protection and maintenance	Structural	continuing

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The availability of bulldozers in the site and access roads adds substantially to the cost.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2
5% of the land users are very rich and own 25% of the land.
10% of the land users are rich and own 25% of the land.
50% of the land users are average wealthy and own 40% of the land.
30% of the land users are poor and own 5% of the land.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, not titled
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• open access (unorganized)
• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Other socio-economic impacts

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Individual farmers can own one or a number SFR, big areas of rainfed lowland areas are available during the dry season, SFR has multiple purposes as irrigation supplement, fish production, and recreation

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Manual of Small Farm Reservoir (SFR). 1993.

Available from where? Costs?

Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Dev't (PCARRD), Technology and Application Institute (TAPI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

Title, author, year, ISBN:

The Philippine Agriculturist, Vol. 80 No. 3 &4/Romeo V. Labios, Virgilio Villancio, Jocelyn D. Labios, Artemio Salazar and Romeo E. delos Santos. July-Dec 1997.

Available from where? Costs?

Publication Office, College of Agricultur, University of the Philipines Los Baños