1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Bureau of Soils and Water Management (Bureau of Soils and Water Management) - Philippines

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Visayas State University (VSU) - Philippines

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Department of Agriculture-Region VIII (DA-8) - Philippines

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

17/03/2016

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Intensifying the irrigated rice production while at the same time reducing farm inputs including seeds, fertilizer, and water.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The Organic-based system of rice intensification modifies the usual rice farming system in terms of seedling condition, planting distance, irrigation time and water requirement, and with the incorporation of organic fertilization scheme. Furthermore, integration of rice duck is carried out. This makes the farming system reduce its farm inputs leading to a lower production cost. With the utilization of organic fertilizers and natural concoctions, soil fertility and soil structure is improved. It was also observed that rice grown under SRI can tolerate strong winds. This type of rice production management is currently part of the Caritas Foundation’s project, a non-government organization, called Sustainable Learning Agricultural Farm which promotes diversified-integrated organic farming systems. With this, other practices (i.e. rice-duck farming) are being integrated in some SRI areas. Integration of ducks helps in the weeding since it eats weeds as well as harmful insects. In addition, its droplets/manure served as organic fertilizer in the rice field.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of this technology is to promote better soil management as well as more efficient water management.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Under SRI, the following practices were implemented: In the land preparation stage, 25cm x 25cm plant spacing is made using the man-made implement.

Intermittent irrigation is applied up to the panicle initiation stage with the following irrigation schedule: (1) 3 days after transplanting, (2) 9 days after transplanting, (3) 14 days after transplanting, and (4) 19 days after transplanting. The field is irrigated up to 5-cm water depth level per schedule.

Fertilizer application includes compost and natural organic concoctions. This is applied on different crop stages.

Natural / human environment: The existing project sites are located in Samar experiencing Type IV climate wherein rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Most of the farmer practitioners of this technology belongs to the small scale and average type of land user.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): soil fertility deterioration, water-use management

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): soil fertility deterioration

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated soil fertility management

• Crop intesification

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• < 0.1 km2 (10 ha)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Main measures: agronomic measures, management measures

Type of agronomic measures: manure / compost / residues

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Ca: acidification, Hs: change in quantity of surface water

Main causes of degradation: soil management (dependency on chemical fertilizers), population pressure

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

Comments:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: mitigation / reduction of land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

System of rice intensification for lowland rice growing.

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: increase in organic matter, increase / maintain water stored in soil

Secondary technical functions: improvement of ground cover, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), improvement of topsoil structure (compaction)

Manure / compost / residues
Material/ species: compost, natural concoctions

Major change in timing of activities: irrigation schedule

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• US Dollars

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Planting of rice seeds	Agronomic	-
2.	Duck raising	Agronomic	-

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Plant material	Rice seeds rice seeds	kg	24.0	0.7779	18.67	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Ducks	animal	80.0	2.22225	177.78	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					196.45

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	clearing	Agronomic	before land preparation
2.	organic fertilizer application	Agronomic	after clearing
3.	first plowing	Agronomic	10 days after clearing
4.	second plowing	Agronomic	8-10 days after first plowing
5.	transplanting	Agronomic	18-25 days after first plowing
6.	weeding	Agronomic	15 days after transplanting
7.	fertilizer application (compost)	Agronomic	after weeding
8.	weeding	Agronomic	9-10 days after 1st weeding
9.	spraying of natural concoctions	Agronomic	at the start of pannicle iniation unitl 2 weeks up to flowering
10.	harvesting	Agronomic

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	clearing	Person/day	8.0	11.1125	88.9	100.0
Labour	Fertilizer Application/Plowing/weeding	Person/day	10.0	6.6666	66.67	100.0
Equipment	Machine	day	4.0	33.3333	133.33	100.0
Equipment	Labour: Transplanting/Spraying/harvesting	Person/day	26.0	2.22222	57.78	100.0
Fertilizers and biocides	Fertilizer	kg	700.0	0.13334	93.34	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					440.02

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: tractor

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 10-50 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 1% - 2%

Level of mechanization: All were selected and perceived as equal important

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Water use rights:

• communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
strong winds	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• single cases/ experimental

Comments:

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Increase production yield How can they be sustained / enhanced? Intensify their Sustainable Learning Agricultural Farm program
Improvement in crop growth and development
Soil fertility improvement
Ease on weed management

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Need for an adequate supply of organic inputs	Sustainable production of organic inputs through composting methods