1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

30/10/2007

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Diversion weir is a masonary check dam constructed across a perinnial or semi perinnial stream to divert the runoff water into land users field for irrigation.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Reduce the velocity and volume of runoff in the down stream. Use the runoff water for irrigation purpose. Sand casting and flash flood is reduced. More land is brought under cultivation due to increased water availability.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Soil Conservation Department

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Small land holding, Volme and duration of availability of water. Sand casting, Flash flooding, wash out of field bunds.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Sand casting and flash flood destroy our crops frequently when the rainfall is high where as crop loss and drought occur due to low rainfall.

Type of cropping system and major crops comments: Paddy-Onion; Paddy-vegetables

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 140Longest growing period from month to month: Jun - SepSecond longest growing period in days: 90Second longest growing period from month to month: Oct - Feb

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• irrigation management (incl. water supply, drainage)
• water diversion and drainage
• surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 50 m2.

Diversion weir is a masonary check dam constructed across a nala/drainage line which is perenneial or semiperenneial. After a temporary storage in the upstream, water is diverted to land user filed as irrigation water.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wr: riverbank erosion, Wo: offsite degradation effects

Main causes of degradation: other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, poverty / wealth (lack of captial)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), other human induced causes (specify) (agricultural causes), land tenure (land subdivision), education, access to knowledge and support services (lack of knowledge)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

Comments:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

Secondary goals: rehabilitation / reclamation of denuded land

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Plan of diversion weir in Kandagad

Location: Kandagad. Orissa

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard

Secondary technical functions: reduction of slope length, water harvesting / increase water supply

Dam/ pan/ pond
Vertical interval between structures (m): 15 feet
Spacing between structures (m): 1500 feet
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 10 feet
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 35
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 45
Height of bunds/banks/others (m): 12
Width of bunds/banks/others (m): 40
Length of bunds/banks/others (m): 50

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 1%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 0%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:10

Vegetation is used for stabilisation of structures.

Change of land use type: Crop plan as per water availability

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

INR

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

40.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Layout of the structure	Structural	May
2.	Digging of foundation	Structural	May
3.	Construction of foundation and superstructure	Structural	June

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	2700.0	2700.0
Construction material	Stone	ha	1.0	900.0	900.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					3600.0

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 24060 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Operation of the scoure sluice	Structural	rainy season/

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Length of the structure

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Cost of cement, stone and transportation

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Comments and further specifications on topography:

Landforms: Also Hill slopes and valley floors (both ranked 2)

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility : Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Low (ranked 1) and medium (ranked 2)

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
23% of the land users are average wealthy.
47% of the land users are poor.
18% of the land users are poor.

Off-farm income specification: Off farm employment opportunities are created due to better cropping system and production
Level of mechanization: Manual work (ranked 1, bullock drawn implements) and mechanised (ranked 2, tractor for ploughing the field and transportation)
Market orientation: Mixed (Paddy as staple food and onion as a commercial crop)

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• communal/ village
• individual, titled

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

45 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: survey results

There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Due to heavy initial investments

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Earlier the runoff was passing through a single nala, now the irrigation channels have been opened at three points which are commanding more are
Sand casting is stopped now
water table in the wells have increased

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Crop loss is minimised due to long dry spell How can they be sustained / enhanced? The command area needs to be developed with surplus and field channels
Productivity of the land has increased

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
A corpus needs to be developed for future maintenance of the structure