1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Kyrgyz Agrarian University (Kyrgyz Agrarian University) - Kyrgyzstan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

26/12/2011

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Cleaning the spring and creating an animal watering point to reduce livestock trampling and erosion

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Saz village has 4,000 ha of a pasture land area, which is divided into close to village, intensive, and far away pastures. 30% of the pastures are close to village, and used in spring, autumn and winter. In summer and autumn livestock is grazed on intensive and far away pastures.
One of the disadvantages of the close to village pastures is the lack of water for livestock consumption. Daily at noon, shepherds bring their livestock to the Sokuluk river to water it. As a result livestock has to range between village, pasture and river four times per day, which led to the creation of numerous trails on the pastures contributing to soil erosion. Pasture erosion is obviously visible near the river and around the village.
At the same time, there was a spring in one of the canyons clogged up with stones and mud. As the stream of water was not sufficient to quench livestock's thirst, the herders used to direct it straight to the river.
Aytkulov Duyshon, a resident of Saz village, cleaned this spring and built a watering point for animals with support of the CAMP "Alatoo" and the local administration. First, the exact effluence of the spring was determined and cleaned from mud. Then, 15 meters below this spot three interlinked troughs were constructed. These throughs were 1,8 m long, 0,5 m wide and 0,5 m deep. Each following trough was located below the previous one and water could flow through in form of a cascade. Below these troughs a pool (2 m diameter) was built. The edges of the troughs were set 0,2 m above the soil to prevent clogging up of water with stones and soil. At the end of the construction the troughs were connected with pipes to the place the water was coming out. This place was edged with stones and a tube was placed into a small 0,30 m trench. At this water point, 15-17 animals (depending on their size) can drink water simultaneously. As a result of this work livestock had to move twice per day - in the morning and in the evening. On the eroded pathways non palatable plants began to grow.

The purpose of this technology is the provision of safe drinking water for livestock and to prevent pasture erosion.

Realization of the technology became possible after the workshop on "Sustainable use of natural resources through soil and water conservation technologies" organized by CAMP "Alatoo". During this workshop villagers developed a project using the CAMP "Alatoo"'s collection of technologies on soil and water conservation. Aytkulov Duyshon (the leader) and his team developed a project on cleaning the spring and creating a water point. The group contributed to the introduction of the technology and CAMP "Alatoo" financed part of the cost.

The spring is located at 1,600 m asl. in the Sary Koo canyon. The area is covered with different types of grass and with a shrubby vegetation (spirea, barberry, hawthorn and wold rose) on the north slope. Eroded pathways are visible on the slopes and at the bottom of the canyon a gully is developing. People use the three types of pastures (close to village, intensive and far away pastures) under "the pasture law of KR". A pasture committee has not yet been established. The village does not practice pasture rotation and a pasture use plan does not exist. But local administration has issued a decision on dates when livestock should be grazed on intensive and on far away pastures in order to protect crops from livestock damages.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Technology was introduced in 2006.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): Degradation of pasture lands due to overgrazing.
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Increase of livestock numbers and decrease of the pasture productivity which is a result of trampling by grazing cattle.
Semi-nomadism / pastoralism: In summer cattle is grazed on far away pastures. In autumn after the crop collection, crop lands are used as pastures.

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• full irrigation

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 170, Longest growing period from month to month: from April to October

Livestock density (if relevant):

10-25 LU /km2

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• irrigation management (incl. water supply, drainage)
• surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 1 m2.
This technology covers the pasture area of 100ha

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: overgrazing (Increase in livestock number, lack of plan for grazing), urbanisation and infrastructure development (The bridge was reconstructed.), droughts (During droughts water amount in the spring decreases)
Secondary causes of degradation: soil management (Spring was not cleaned)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

left: Technical drawing of the spring.
right: Cross-section of the construction.
Location: Saz village. Chuy
Date: 26/12/2011

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (It is necessary to know about the condition of soil and water)
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Basic construction knowledge is needed)
Main technical functions: water harvesting / increase water supply

Spillway
Vertical interval between structures (m): 0.5
Spacing between structures (m): 0
Depth of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Width of ditches/pits/dams (m): 0.5
Length of ditches/pits/dams (m): 1.8
Construction material (stone): used to edge the beginning of the spring
Construction material (concrete): to strengthen the watering point, i.e troughs

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

soms

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

40.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Cleaning the spring	Structural	spring
2.	Construction of the watering point	Structural	spring

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	labour		1.0	112.0	112.0	100.0
Construction material	cement		1.0	200.0	200.0	30.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					312.0

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 0 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Cleaning the troughs from the earth and stones	Structural	2 times: in spring & autumn

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	labour		1.0	12.0	12.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					12.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The cost depends on the depth of the troughs, the type of soil, labor cost and price for cement.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 1% - 2%
5% of the land users are rich and own 10% of the land.
75% of the land users are average wealthy and own 80% of the land.
20% of the land users are poor and own 10% of the land.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	not well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	not well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	not known

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Comments:

25% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
100 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
200 households graze their livestock on the right bank of the river, where the water point was created. But this pasture area has a capacity for only for half of them (50 ha).
100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
25 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
There is a little trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Another watering point was built in Tosh Bulak village.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Livestock productivity has improved since better supply of water on the pastures.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Mitigating pasture erosion through decreasing animal trampling.
Increase in livestock productivity through decrease of of pasturing and increase in grazing time.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Watering point is clogging up	In spring and autumn the watering point must be cleaned up.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Spring is not regularly cleaned.	Increased control over the condition of the spring and maintenance of the watering point by the local administration.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Отчеты «ОФ САМР-Алатоо» по мониторингу и оценке внедренных ПВСТ в селе Саз.

Available from where? Costs?

Офис «ОФ САМР-Алатоо»