1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

INIDA (INIDA) - Cape Verde

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Platforms created in series along the slopes, separated by punch of stone, vertical, reduced the length of slopes and facilitating the infiltration of water and increasing production

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

The terraces, platforms are created on the slopes, where the slope exceeds 30, to reduce or eliminate the gradient of the slope, creating an agricultural field with better soil fertility. Such platforms have 5% inclination to the inside retaining more water to its surface, and 1% of the drainage along facit, in case of saturation of soil in water. The separation between two platforms is performed by punches from the local stone, that structure has to be calculated, taking into cosideração the slope of the slope, the width of the platform, edefoclimáticas conditions and other variables.

Its primary objective is to adapt the land to use it intends to take to eliminate the slope of the hill, working to increase soil moisture, the reduction of runoff, and its kinetic energy through the punches

Implementation: Need wide availability of labor and large technical training for its implementation. The activity of implementation requires the calculation of the volume of soil to be moved, thus defining the width of the platform, this volume that depends crucially on the thickness of surface horizon soil. In some regions where there are avenues of access to machines, the platform is done by tractors, others are made by hand. The construction of the punch, requiring stone and labor requires high technical capacity in both dimensions of the foundation as part of the whole structure.

Natural / human environment: Built in soils of agricultural vocation of medium texture, mostly in areas of regadioem that the irrigation system requires that the area is flat, sub-humid areas and semi-arid. Hillsides with slopes greater than 20%

It is a measure purely structural: Great movement of earth, made with hand tools and / or machines. The production in these areas is subsistence or mixed. This measure is carried out mainly in areas where the land user is owner

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• during experiments/ research

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The first structures were construdas in 1978 in St. George, which was an action of FAIMO project

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The loss of soil by runoff, influenced by its low coverage, reducing their fertility and their thickness
Major land use problems (land users’ perception): The loss of soil by runoff, low productive soils, low organic matter

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Comments:

Water supply: Also mixed rainfed - irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 90, Longest growing period from month to month: Aug - Oct

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• cross-slope measure

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 14 km2.
It's presence is most import in sous bassins of Pico da Antónia and Longueira

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (It is cultivated maize and peanuts on land slopes very pronounced and boot), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (At the end of each cycle of cultivation of maize, the most prevalent, the crop residues are deracinate, leading to the loss of soil cover), droughts (ocorrem secas cíclicas nesse país, sendo a mais marcante, a de 1947)

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing (Creation of the wild animals compact the soil, destroying the structures for the conservation of soil and water exists, and creates conflict), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff) (A fraca cobertura vegetal não favorece a infiltração da água quando chove, principalmenThe low vegetation cover, does not favor the infiltration of water when it rains, especially where there are crus), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (Sometimes heavy intensity rains that occur associated with poor vegetation cover and increase soil erosion)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Terraces in São Jorge. It shows the slope of the estruture

Location: Praia. Cabo Verde

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high (The infrastructure has a certain risk to be reduced to the maximum, based on a design, the more accurate possible. And that takes into account the greater number of variables)
Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate (Must have sufficient knowledge to understand and assimilate the technical guidance.)

Main technical functions: reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting
Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, increase of infiltration

Wall/ barrier
Vertical interval between structures (m): 1.5-2.5
Spacing between structures (m): 10-15

Construction material (earth): A terra usada é local. A terra extraida da escavação é usada nos pontos do aterro
Construction material (stone): it´s used to make a wall, end it's taked in the local

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 30-60%
If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 50%
Lateral gradient along the structure: 1%

Specification of dams/ pans/ ponds: Capacity 1200m3
Catchment area: 600m2m2
Beneficial area: 600m2m2
Slope of dam wall inside: 200%;
Slope of dam wall outside: 170%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:1

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

ECV

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

80.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Leveling the terrain	Structural	April
2.	Construction of the batter	Structural	June

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	687.5	687.5	100.0
Equipment	Total	ha	1.0	375.0	375.0
Construction material	Total	ha	1.0	875.0	875.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					1937.5

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 2 month(s)

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: picareta, enchada, martelo, nível,

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users
Population density: 100-200 persons/km2
Annual population growth: > 4%
Off-farm income specification: the land users who practice the technique, get more income with agricultural production, invest more in their production
Market orientation: Mixed (ranked 1, it is intended to take advantage of the technique, getting more income) and subsistence (ranked 2)

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state
• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• communal (organized)

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	not well
local windstorm	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

There is any maintenance operation

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

144 families and 100% of the area covered

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 50-90%

Comments:

40% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
60 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support
Comments on acceptance with external material support: They were covered in the course of projects, and port as a mirror for others. Were the first to adopt the technique.

60% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

84 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support
Comments on spontaneous adoption: The technique has proved efficient in increasing the production and adoption, for who had the economic power for its implementation, was significant
There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology
Comments on adoption trend: The high cost of technology, makes the poor farmers, unable to adopt. But with any credit or allowance, they take the technology.

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Mitigation of erosion by reducing the cinetic of runoff and the slope
Availability of lands for agriculture
Improve of production

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Field Guide_DESIRE_Cape Verde, INIDA, 2008

Available from where? Costs?

Livrary of INIDA

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Conservação do solo e água_Cabo Verde, Antonio Sabino, 1991

Available from where? Costs?

Livrary of INIDA_CFA

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Técnicas de conservação de solo e água em Cabo Verde_MPAR & CILSS, 1994

Available from where? Costs?

Livrary of INIDA_CFA

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Conservação do solo e água_Cabo Verde, Antonio Sabino, 1984

Available from where? Costs?

Livrary of INIDA

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

QUIBB_INE, 2007

URL:

www.ine.cv