1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - Germany

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

01/07/2012

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Through the installation of an irrigation scheme for market gardening combined with agroforesty, women’s production of trees and vegetables increases and infertile lands are restored.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

An irrigation scheme for market gardening is installed on barren lands and agroforestry tree species are planted. The aim is to restore degraded lands by planting endemic trees like the baobab and néré, whose leaves and fruit are very commonly used for food and medicinal purposes.

The main objective of this activity is to improve women’s production of trees and vegetables, while ensuring infertile lands are restored. Market gardening also contributes to (i) raising farmers’ incomes through the production of peppers, okra and shallots, (ii) developing the shallot sector, and (iii) building farmers’ capacities.

The plot measures 100 by 100 metres. The planted and living species are: 60 baobab saplings (Adansonia digita), 120 papaya saplings (Carica papaya), 43 néré saplings (Parkia biglobosa), 26 lemon tree saplings (Citrus lemon), 2 tamarind tree saplings (Tamarindus indica), 21 grafted jujube saplings (Zizyphus sp). The vegetable beds are created in between the lines of trees. The vegetable growing site measures 105 by 100 metres (an area of 10,544 square metres). It is provided with farm equipment and machinery, including wells, distribution basins and wire fencing around the entire perimeter. It also contains: 9 Acacia albida saplings, 156 baobab saplings and 78 papaya saplings.
The vegetable growing season runs all year round and is divided into three crop productions. During the cold season from October to March, shallots are planted; in the hot season from March to June, okra is grown; and in the rainy season peppers are grown. Women work 100% of the site. There is a 90% adoption of the growing calendar. Okra and peppers benefit from fertiliser inputs and the techniques used for growing shallots.
Critical issues requiring attention are women’s poor access to the developed land and the scarcity of equipment, particularly for processing okra and shallots.

Located in the urban commune of Djenné, the ‘Benkadi’ cooperative was a beneficiary of SADeF funding in 2009/2010 (for its micro-project to develop a one-hectare market garden scheme). This cooperative was the product of the transformation of Syn women’s collective, which undertakes individual and collective activities, and focuses on the sustainable management of natural
resources. It was set up on 22 May 1998 and its headquarters are located in Syn. More than 130 women aged between 18 and 50 make up the cooperative, and nearly 30 cooperative members work the site. The main collective activities undertaken by the Syn-based ‘Benkadi’ cooperative company are: farming a biodiverse market garden plantation; operating a market garden; implementing a tontine (investment plan); fattening up livestock; growing ground nuts and tree growing; handicrafts. Concerns exist regarding enlarging and enhancing the site’s dewatering system to improve women’s accessibility to the developed land. Members are willing to provide at least 30 women to work the site each day.
SADeF’s installation of the market garden has enabled more than 100 women to take part in income-generating activities. The women have produced and traded: 20,069 kilograms of shallots per year; 150 x 100-kilogram sacks of peppers per year; 429 sacks of dry baobab leaves; 6,090 papaya fruits; 15,700 kilograms of okra. The output from the 2011 growing season made a profit of 12,242,620 CFA francs (23'690 Dollar).

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

The ‘Benkadi’ cooperative was a beneficiary of SADeF funding in 2009/2010

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): degraded and bare land

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 120; Longest growing period from month to month: August-November

Livestock density (if relevant):

1-10 LU /km2

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• forest plantation management
• agroforestry

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Type of vegetative measures: scattered / dispersed

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), droughts, population pressure

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• restore/ rehabilitate severely degraded land

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high
Technical knowledge required for land users: low
Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, increase in organic matter, increase of biomass (quantity), promotion of vegetation species and varieties (quality, eg palatable fodder), spatial arrangement and diversification of land use
Secondary technical functions: stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase / maintain water stored in soil, sediment retention / trapping, sediment harvesting, reduction in wind speed

Scattered / dispersed
Vegetative material: F : fruit trees / shrubs, C : perennial crops
Fruit trees / shrubs species: baobab, papaya, Acacia albida
Perennial crops species: shallots, okra, peppers

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

other/ national currency (specify):

CFA Franc

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

517.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	vegetable beds are created in between the lines of trees, provided with farm equipment and machinery, including wells, distribution basins and wire fencing around the entire perimeter	Vegetative
2.	planting fruit trees and crops/vegetables	Vegetative

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Other	Total construction		1.0	35258.0	35258.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					35258.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

SADeF funded site works to the tune of 18,212,000 CFA francs (35'258 Dollar). The labour contributed by beneficiaries to the installation works is estimated to represent 5% of this, i.e. 910,600 CFA francs. The village authority ceded the site (around a hectare) for the plantation.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
10% of the land users are very poor.

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Comments:

The irrigated land is allocated by the chief

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local windstorm	well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
improves women’s production of trees and vegetables and restores degraded lands by planting endemic trees like the baobab and néré, whose leaves and fruit are very commonly used for food and medicinal purposes
Market gardening also contributes to raising farmers’ incomes through the production of peppers, okra and shallots; developing the shallot sector; and building farmers’ capacities
SADeF’s installation of the market garden has enabled more than 100 women to take part in income-generating activities

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Critical issues requiring attention are women’s poor access to the developed land and the scarcity of equipment, particularly for processing okra and shallots.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014.

Available from where? Costs?

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Plan d’affaires du micro-projet de maraîchage de la Société Coopérative “Benkadi” de Syn [Business plan for the market gardening micro-project of the ‘Benkadi’ Cooperative Company in Syn], Djenné Commune, GADC, July 2011