1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

08/01/2015

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

The plantation of mulberry plants which are allowed to grow for the production of nutrients leaves for silkworm mulberry cultivation for silkworm.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

After the plantation of mulberry plants. They are ready to be eaten by silkworm. Firstly, silkworm eggs must be stay between 25 to 31 "C in tray or petric dish. In this area silkworm are brought from silkworm industry of khopasi. The larvae must be transfer to clean tray with freash food. A time came in larval stage when larvae eats huge amount of mulberry and grow more than 5cm long. After enough eating, larvae raise their heads as it shows sign for cocoon formation. Then, the worm is kept in another circular bamboo which will make cocoon more uniform in slope and easier to collect silkworm by contracting secrets from an opening under its mouth a steady stream of liquid silk coated with sericine which darkens on exposure. It takes 25 days to form cocon.

Purpose of the Technology: The main purpose of planting mulberry plant is for producing silkworm to increases economic condition of farmer.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: For over two years people have been implementing these technology.They took training from the khopasi silkworm institution.They have get external inputs.While getting training,maintenance has been carried out when the plants are not grown enough.While producing the silkworm (larva to cocoon) maintenance is carried out as keeping them in clean environment without reaching another species around them.

Natural / human environment: The natural environment is tropical with temperature ranging from 20 to 25°C .The population density is sparse with the community relying heavily on agriculture.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): It decreases the number of crops in surrounding and it also kills the insect afte the formation of cocoon so in certain amount affects the environment.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Reduce the cropping land

Cut-and-carry/ zero grazing: Yes
Plantation forestry: Yes
Constraints of infrastructure network (roads, railways, pipe lines, power lines)

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 35; Longest growing period from month to month: baisakh(1-30) and bhadra(1-30)

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• beekeeping, aquaculture, poultry, rabbit farming, silkworm farming, etc.

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 29.27 km2.
This chamrang besi is small VDC with small populatio lacated in kavre district

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: soil management, crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub), deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use, industrial activities and mining, urbanisation and infrastructure development, over abstraction / excessive withdrawal of water (for irrigation, industry, etc.), change of seasonal rainfall, Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts), wind storms / dust storms, floods, droughts, population pressure, inputs and infrastructure: (roads, markets, distribution of water points, other, …)

Secondary causes of degradation: overgrazing, discharges (point contamination of water), release of airborne pollutants (urban/industry…), disturbance of water cycle (infiltration / runoff), change in temperature, other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify, land tenure, poverty / wealth, labour availability, education, access to knowledge and support services, war and conflicts, governance / institutional

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate
Technical knowledge required for land users: high

Main technical functions: control of raindrop splash, increase of surface roughness, improvement of surface structure (crusting, sealing), stabilisation of soil (eg by tree roots against land slides), increase / maintain water stored in soil, increase of groundwater level / recharge of groundwater, water harvesting / increase water supply, water spreading, improvement of water quality, buffering / filtering water

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: retain / trap, control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap, control of concentrated runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: drain / divert, reduction of slope angle, reduction of slope length

Trees/ shrubs species: planted
Fruit trees / shrubs species: fruit trees (mulberry plant)

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• US Dollars

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Bringing plant from khopasi	Vegetative	Early june/july

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Bringing silkworm in time of production	Vegetative	late april

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	Bringing silkworm	silkworms	2000.0	0.01	20.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					20.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The most determinate factor affecting the cost is labour for bringing plants from khopasi, quality of mulberry leaves, quality of silkworm etc.

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility is high
Soil drainage / infiltration is good
Soil water storage capacity is high

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Ground water table: Infiltration is very low but surface flow is high
Availability of surface water: During rainy season excess water flow
Water quality (untreated): Some portion of the water is used for agriculture, but most time the water is unused

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Difference in the involvement of women and men: No, there is not any difference because all the people can do it

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	not well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Provide the facility of fodders for animals
Waste product comes from the use as food for animals
Increase water resources
water product also serves as a good fertilizer
Improve little economic status

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Increase the economic status of farmer
Provided the facilities
Decrease soil erosion
wastes could we good fertilizer

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
waste of time if larvae of silkworm cannot grow properly	while keeping larva place should properly clean.
Time taking process as cocoon formation takes around 25 days	keep larva away from other inscers. It can be done covering the disk with net.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information