1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

United Nations Development Program (United Nations Development Program) - Tajikistan

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

CDE Centre for Development and Environment (CDE Centre for Development and Environment) - Switzerland

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Central Asian Countries Initiative for Sustainable Land Management - Multicountry Capacity Building (CACILM - MCB) - Kyrgyzstan

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

13/04/2011

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Coloured pheromone traps are set up in agricultural fields to attract and eradicate flying insect pests.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Within the UNDP Farmer Field Schools, farmers were taught about how to use pheromone insect traps to combat insect pests in crop fields. In the past, people used to irrigate their fields in winter with ice-cooled water, or to apply deep ploughing in order to kill pests. According to local people, the winters in the Shaartuz area are getting shorter so it is difficult to apply these practices any more, and they cannot afford to pay for the ploughing devices they need, and therefore pests are spreading.

Purpose of the Technology: The purpose of these traps is to attract flying insects which might constitute crop pests by sending out pheromones and to kill them once in the trap. The main insect pests against which the traps are used include caradrina and other moths from the Noctuidae family, thrips, aphids, whiteflies and mole crickets.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The trap consists of a wooden body, covered with plastic sheets to protect it from the rain. The exterior is painted in yellow to make it more attractive the insects. Inside the plate, a small tube is fitted which sends out pheromones to attract insects and the floor is covered with a plate covered with a mix of glue and Vaseline to trap the insects. As an alternative to Vaseline, motor oil can also be used. The trap is set up in early May and the sticky plate has to be changed once every two months.

Natural / human environment: This technology is used in fields of tomatoes, watermelon, onion, pumpkin, beans, corn, wheat and sweet pepper. As it is very cheap and simple to establish, there is a strong adoption trend seen among farmers. The pheromone insect traps provide an effective replacement for expensive chemical insecticides. However, the trap is only works for flying insects and methods to combat other arthropod pests still need more testing.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• during experiments/ research

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce cost for inputs

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): wind erosion, aridity, low soil fertility, increasing impacts of climate change, pests

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 240Longest growing period from month to month: March-October

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 10-100 km2

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 60 m2.

Around 160 farmers are using the technology distributed over 4 Jamoats:
Hudoiqulov Jamoat - 2700 ha,
Nuri Vakhsh Jamoat - 1156 ha,
Telman Jamoat -1450 ha,
Jura Nazarov Jamoat -1200 ha

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Main measures: agronomic measures

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Bp: increase of pests / diseases, loss of predators

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Irrigation with icy water in winter would be required but is not done any longer), change in temperature (warmer winters)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation

Comments:

Main goals: prevention of land degradation

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: low

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: control of pests

Agronomic measure: pest control
Material/ species: plastic pheromone traps
Quantity/ density: 4
Remarks: 4 traps per hectare

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• US Dollars

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Set up insect trap	Agronomic	early May

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	Buying traps	pieces	4.0	4.0	16.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					16.0

Comments:

4 traps per ha

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Change glue on plate	Agronomic	once every two months
2.	None		None

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Change glue on plate	-	1.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: plastic plates, yellow colour, glue, vaseline, motor oil, pheromone tube

The costs mentioned apply to the set-up of 4 traps per hectare and include all materials used

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility is very low

Soil drainage / infiltration is good

Soil water storage capacity is very low

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

poor drinking water (treatment required)= groundwater

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Land users applying the Technology are mainly common / average land users

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 2% - 3%

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state

Land use rights:

• leased

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
local rainstorm	well
local windstorm	not well

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	well

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
reduced growing period	well
hail	not well

Comments:

a cover could be applied to the trap to protect it from hail

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

160 household in an area of 60 km^2 (density 50-100 persons/km^2)

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

Comments:

100% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

160 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: The technology was shown to the farmers in the Farmer Field Schools, and as a result many adopted the techniques and built traps for themselves.

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Effective pest control
Very cheap and simple to apply technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Biological pest control How can they be sustained / enhanced? Arrange for farmer to farmer visits to disseminate information.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
The trap only attracts flying insects, but does not help to kill other types of pests	Develop technologies to control caterpillars etc.
The small pheromone tube that is used in the setup of the trap is more and more difficult to find in the local chemist shops

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
The trap does not differentiate between flying insects, so it is possible that it will also catch beneficial insects as well as pests.