1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Interactive Soil Quality assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural productivity and Environmental Resilience (EU-iSQAPER)

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Department of Crop Production and Soil Science, University of Pannonia - Hungary

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

28/10/2016

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Farmyard manure is a decomposed mixture of cattle dung, urine with bedding material and fodder residues. After rotting the farmyard manure it is incorporated into the ground to increase soil fertility.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

1. The case study area is situated within the catchment of river Zala in western Hungary. 37% of the total catchment area is arable land which is much lower than the national average, 27% is forest, which exceeds the national average. 15% of the land is under grassland management, 5% is horticulture, 3% is pomiculture, 2% is viticulture, 1% is reed management and fish farming. In arable land non irrigated cereals, maize and oil crops are the main farming system classes. Among permanent crops vineyard and fruit trees are the most significant.
2. Cattle dung, urine with bedding material and fodder residues are decomposed. 4 months are needed for decomposition of the manure. After rotting the manure it is spread to the soil and incorporated. Generally winter rape, corn and sugar beet are the main crops before which manure is applied. Nitrate regulation has to be considered on fields which are defined as sensitive areas, both date and rate of fertilization are limited. Crop rotation is part of the technology, since dairy production is an important activity of the production, so fodder crops have to be produced on a territory determined by the demand of the livestock. Catch crops are rotated on the rest of the field.
3. The purpose of the technology is to increase soil fertility. The following general nutrients are included in the farmyard manure: N%=0.3-0.5, P2O5%=0.20-0.25, K2O%=0.5-0.5 .
4. It is important to have boving holding in a short distance to the plots of the farm where it has to be applied. The manure is spread in each third or fourth year.
5. Impacts of the technology are increased organic matter content, improved biological activity and structure of the soil.
6. Land users like its positive effect on soil health, only one disadvantage can be that it can increase weed infestation.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2006

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation
• as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

-

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use before implementation of the Technology:

It was arable land also before introducing the technology.

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

From 10-15 April till 25-30 October

Livestock density (if relevant):

-

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• rotational systems (crop rotation, fallows, shifting cultivation)
• integrated soil fertility management

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Figure 1. Equipment to spread farmyard manure.
1. scraper chain
2. broadcaster

Figure 2. Construction of manure storage facility.
The stack of manure is built gradually in order to control the aerobic and anaerobic processes inside. Between the placement of two layers some days is left for the oxidative degradation processes.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

other/ national currency (specify):

Forint

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

260.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	construction of manure storage facility	Structural

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	construction of manure storage	1000 t	1.0	4600000.0	4600000.0	50.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					4600000.0

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

The farmer could apply for financial support (tender).

Comments:

Construction costs include labour and material. The facility can store 1000 t of manure.

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	farmyard manure application	Agronomic	autumn before primary tillage

Comments:

Incorporation of manure is done with the normal ploughing and therefore does not cause extra costs.

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	sum of labour cost for spreading the manure	day/ha	0.02	15000.0	300.0	100.0
Equipment	farmyard manure application (1 ha 0.16 hour)	machine hours	0.16	80000.0	12800.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					13100.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Cost of constructing the manure storage facility.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:

• not relevant

Comments and further specifications on topography:

-

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Cambisol, pH is 7.3; OM is 1.5

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

-

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

-

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

-

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• company
• individual, not titled

Land use rights:

• leased
• individual

Water use rights:

• leased

Comments:

-

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	not known

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Climatological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
drought	not known

Comments:

-

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

Comments:

Manure is used only if it is available within a few km around the farm.

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• 1-10%

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Increases the soil organic content and improves the soil structure.
Increase of soil fertility.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Improved microbiological activity resulting in improved nutrient utilization.
Improved soil health, due to better microbial activity. Soil structure improves.
In this way it improves soil fertility.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
Risk of weed infestation. Labour and cost intensive.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Risk of weed infestation. Labour and cost intensive, heavy field work causing compaction.	Precise pest management. Timing of field applications should be better adapted to soil moisture conditions.

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

-

Available from where? Costs?

-

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

-

URL:

-