1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

13/09/2018

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

Bo Bao Kanomkrok is the well drilled as a source of water for agricultural purpose. It is drilled in a form of quadrilateral to store water in the flooding season and to prevent water from drying up in the area, including increasing agricultural activities in the dry season.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Bo Bao Kanomkrok is the well drilled as a source of water for agricultural purpose. It is drilled in a form of quadrilateral to store water in the flooding season and to prevent water from drying up in the area, including increasing agricultural activities in the dry season. Moreover, Bo Bao Kanomkrok is drilled in the agricultural area with the dimension of: 8 meters width, 8 meters length and 10 meters depth. It has the capacity of 640 m3 to be used in the agricultural area of about 6 rai. Water is available through the dry season all year long. The well is to be drilled vertically with no slope. When the well is completely drilled, muddy soil is coated around the drilled well in order to prevent water from seeping. Plants are grown around the edge of the drilled well to prevent the drilled well from collapsing.

This technology is the This technology is the extension that receives benefits from building the dam whereby the dam will replenish and increase the amount of water

Therefore, Bo Bao Kanomkrok is an appropriate alternative and low costs in storing water to use in the small-scale agricultural area. It is a good prototype for extending to other agricultural plots in the community and adjacent communities. in the well sufficiently in the small-scale agricultural area consisting of fruit-bearing trees, perennial crops and vegetables such as sweet yellow marian plums, durians, santols, hairy-leafed apitongs, Barking Deer's Mango, hedge bamboo, Paco fern, bananas, Garcinia cowa, Brazilian Pepper-tree etc. Ban Thung Krapong Learning Center, Nakhon Nayok province is the prototype community arising from learning to solve problems by themselves and studying from the nature and the environment in the community.

Bo Bao Kanomkrok must be maintained from the owner so that it will have efficiency in storing water throughout the year. Choosing the area to drill requires experiences and expertise in choosing the area with spring. For the dam, it is one part to refill Bo Bao Kanomkrok for enough water usage throughout the year.
themselves and studying from the nature and the environment in the community.

Production and Socio-economic Aspect Quality, variety of productivity and production areas increase by managing the land more systematically, resulting in increasing agricultural products and incomes. Social and Cultural aspect Increasing food security, resulting in self-dependency, health improvement of people in the community and lessening the conflict of water usage in the community in order to build and increase more strength to the community institution

Ecosystem Aspect Amount of water and the level of underground water increase. Reducing soil losses, resulting in more moisture in the soil. Various plants cover the area more. Organic matters in the soil increase. The impacts of flooding and drought are lessened. Indirect benefits Water flows steadily and constantly in the dry season, which makes the management of soil, plant and areas have maximum benefits


Bo Bao Kanomkrok is an appropriate alternative and low costs in storing water to use in the small-scale agricultural area. It is a good prototype for extending to other agricultural plots in the community and adjacent communities.


Bo Bao Kanomkrok must be maintained from the owner so that it will have efficiency in storing water throughout the year. Choosing the area to drill requires experiences and expertise in choosing the area with spring. For the dam, it is one part to refill Bo Bao Kanomkrok for enough water usage throughout the year.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

87

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through land users' innovation

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Study this technology from Khao Hin Son Royal Development Center

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• improve production
• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• conserve ecosystem
• protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• reduce risk of disasters
• adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts
• mitigate climate change and its impacts
• create beneficial economic impact
• create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Annual cropping

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• water harvesting

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

In long term, they were found that there are accumulation from sediments inside the well. Therefore, we have to dig out from them.

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Type of Bo Bao Kanomkrok drilled in the small-scale agricultural area with the capacity of 640 m3 for using in the agricultural area of about 6 rai. At present, there were this type of wells-Bo Bao Kanomkrok accounting for 81 wells. Costs of digging a Bo Bao Kanomkrok are around 7,000 Baht.

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:

• per Technology area

Indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (if relevant): 1 USD =:

32.0

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	Labour cost	Structural	Before onset of rains
2.	Backhoe	Structural	Before onset of rains

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	labour cost for digging sediments out from well	people	4.0	600.0	2400.0	100.0
Labour	Labour for driving Backhoe	hours	3.0	1200.0	3600.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					6000.0

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	In long term, they were found that there is accumulation from sediments inside the well. Therefore, we have to dig out from them.	Structural	once per 10 years

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Equipment	Backhoe	hour	1.0	1200.0	1200.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					1200.0

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

The amount of sediments

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

5.4 Water availability and quality

Is water salinity a problem?

Yes

Is flooding of the area occurring?

Yes

Regularity:

frequently

5.5 Biodiversity

Comments and further specifications on biodiversity:

Variety of plants

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

5.7 Average area of land owned or leased by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• individual, titled

Land use rights:

• individual

Water use rights:

• individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

	Season	Type of climatic change/ extreme	How does the Technology cope with it?
annual temperature		increase	very well
seasonal temperature	dry season	increase	very well

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
tropical storm	very well
extra-tropical cyclone	very well
local rainstorm	very well
local thunderstorm	very well

Hydrological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
general (river) flood	very well
flash flood	very well
storm surge/ coastal flood	very well

Biological disasters

	How does the Technology cope with it?
epidemic diseases	not known
insect/ worm infestation	not known

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

	How does the Technology cope with it?
extended growing period	very well
reduced growing period	very well

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• more than 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

87 (110 )

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 90-100%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

Yes

Specify adaptation of the Technology (design, material/ species, etc.):

Land Use Change

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Bo Bao Kanomkrok is an appropriate alternative and low costs in storing water to use in the small-scale agricultural area.
It is a good prototype for extending to other agricultural plots in the community and adjacent communities.

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Good for farmers for keeping water throughout the year
Due to Water storage for small scale of agriculture, therefore they can increase yield and income.
benefit for farmers doing small farm ponds for their own food.

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
It must be maintained from the owner so that it will have efficiency in storing water throughout the year.
Choosing the area to drill requires experiences and expertise in choosing the area with spring.
For the dam, it is one part to refill Bo Bao Kanomkrok for enough water usage throughout the year.

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
Because of sediments in each year can be impact to the amount of water	Dig the sediments out of ponds each year

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

-

Available from where? Costs?

-

7.3 Links to relevant information which is available online

Title/ description:

Ban Tung Kraprong Study Center Project

URL:

http:\\www.1ldd.go.th/WEB_PSD/prnew/2561/sr1-61/sr2.pdf