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Technologies
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Caldo Sulfocalcico [Nicaragua]

Caldo Sulfocalcico

technologies_4584 - Nicaragua

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1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:
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1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

El caldo sulfocalcico es una mezcla de azufre y cal, utilizado para prevenir las enfermedades causadas por hongos en las plantas. El caldo bordelés que contiene cobre y cal también previene las enfermedades en el cultivo de plantas frutales.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

El caldo sulfocalcico se elabora en medio barril metálico con 2 kilogramo de azufre y 1 kilogramo de cal en 12 litros de agua, 5 rajas de leña para mantener encendido el fogón y de esta manera hacer hervir el agua, una ves que el agua este hirviendo depositar el azufre y la cal al mismo tiempo, esto se hace en agua herviendo ya que el azufre no es soluble en agua a temperatura ambiente, esta preparación se realiza removiendo constantemente hasta lograr diluir todo lo solido que se forma en el agua hirviendo y el punto es cuando toma un color rojizo, se deja enfriar y se guarda en botellas preferiblemente de color oscuro, no se debe guardar por mas de tres meses. El caldo sulfocalcico es un producto que ayuda en la prevención de las enfermedades causadas por hongos en los cultivos de: café, arboles frutales y hortalizas, así mismo permite la incorporación de nutrientes al suelo que ayudan a mejorar el proceso de floración y frutificación de las plantas. Se requiere para la elaboración del sulfocalcico azufre, cal, medio barril metálico, para hacer el cocimiento ademas de botellas plásticas de color oscuro para preservar y dar un adecuado almacenamiento.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

Media Gallery

General remarks regarding photos:

Demostración practica de la elaboración de caldo sulfocalcico. Para guardar el caldo, se recomienda un recipiente de color oscuro. En la imagen se ve también el cobre para el caldo Bordelés (ver technologia aparte)

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Nicaragua

Region/ State/ Province:

Nueva Segovia

Further specification of location:

Dipilto

Is/are the technology site(s) located in a permanently protected area?

Yes

If yes, specify:

Cuenca del Río Dipilto, Área de Amortiguamiento del Área Protegida Serranías Dipilto y Jalapa

Map preview

2.6 Date of implementation

Indicate year of implementation:

2017

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • through projects/ external interventions
Comments (type of project, etc.):

Programa de Gestion Comunitaria de la Cuenca Rio Dipilto

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • improve production
  • conserve ecosystem
  • protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies
  • adapt to climate change/ extremes and its impacts

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):
  • Agroforestry

Cropland

Cropland

  • Annual cropping
  • Perennial (non-woody) cropping
  • Tree and shrub cropping
Perennial (non-woody) cropping - Specify crops:
  • banana/plantain/abaca
Tree and shrub cropping - Specify crops:
  • coffee, shade grown
  • citrus
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 1
Specify:

Algunos cultivos como las Musáceas se cosechan todo el año

Is intercropping practiced?

Yes

If yes, specify which crops are intercropped:

Cultivo de Cafe asociado con musáceas, cultivo de cafe asociado con cítricos, cultivo de cafe asociado con arboles forestales de las especies guaba, bucaro y maderables como el cedro

Is crop rotation practiced?

No

3.3 Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?

Has land use changed due to the implementation of the Technology?
  • No (Continue with question 3.4)
Land use mixed within the same land unit:

Yes

Specify mixed land use (crops/ grazing/ trees):
  • Agroforestry

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:
  • rainfed

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • agroforestry
  • integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

agronomic measures

agronomic measures

  • A1: Vegetation/ soil cover
vegetative measures

vegetative measures

  • V1: Tree and shrub cover

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • not applicable

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Caldo sulfocalcico

Author:

Fredys Paguaga

Date:

21/03/2019

4.2 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify how costs and inputs were calculated:
  • per Technology unit
Specify unit:

Cuenca Rio Dipilto

Specify dimensions of unit (if relevant):

97 Kilómetros cuadrados

If relevant, indicate exchange rate from USD to local currency (e.g. 1 USD = 79.9 Brazilian Real): 1 USD =:

32.6

Indicate average wage cost of hired labour per day:

C$ 150.00 ciento cincueta cordobas por dia de trabajo

4.3 Establishment activities

Activity Timing (season)
1. Caldo Sulfocalcico se pone a hervir 12 litros de agua en un fogon y cuando el agua esta hirviendo se le hecha el azufre y la cal y se remueve hasta lograr el color rojizo y se deja enfriar para guardarlo la dosis a utilizar es de 200 a 500 ml por bomba de 20 litros de agua En un mismo día se prepara la mezcla
2. Caldo bordelés se hace en dos baldes plásticos con agua a temperatura ambiente y los baldes se llenan hasta la mitad y se le agraga le cobre en un balde y en el otro la cal se remueve y se hace la mezcla echando el cobre sobre la cal la dosis a utilizar es de 8 onzas por bomba de cobre y 8 onzas de cal y se puede aplicar el mismo día y si no fuera posible guardarlo por no mas de 12 horas La aplicacion del producto se hace antes y despues de la floracion del cultivo y que es abortivo en periodo de floracion

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Azufre y cal Kg 1.0 2032.0 2032.0
Labour Cobre y cal Kg 1.0 1197.0 1197.0
Equipment Medio Barril metalico
Equipment Bomba de mochila
Equipment Baldes Plásticos
Equipment Bomba de mochila
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 3229.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 99.05
If you are unable to break down the costs in the table above, give an estimation of the total costs of establishing the Technology:

3229.0

If land user bore less than 100% of costs, indicate who covered the remaining costs:

El Programa de Gestion Comunitaria de la Cuenca del Rio Dipilto

Comments:

El azufre no esta disponible en la localidad por la poca demanda

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • sub-humid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.
Indicate if the Technology is specifically applied in:
  • not relevant

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Soil texture (> 20 cm below surface):
  • fine/ heavy (clay)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • medium (1-3%)

5.4 Water availability and quality

Ground water table:

on surface

Availability of surface water:

good

Water quality (untreated):

good drinking water

Water quality refers to:

surface water

Is water salinity a problem?

No

Is flooding of the area occurring?

No

5.5 Biodiversity

Species diversity:
  • medium
Habitat diversity:
  • medium

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Sedentary or nomadic:
  • Sedentary
Market orientation of production system:
  • mixed (subsistence/ commercial)
Off-farm income:
  • less than 10% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
Individuals or groups:
  • individual/ household
Level of mechanization:
  • manual work
Gender:
  • women
Age of land users:
  • youth
  • middle-aged

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

  • < 0.5 ha
  • 0.5-1 ha
  • 1-2 ha
  • 2-5 ha
  • 5-15 ha
  • 15-50 ha
  • 50-100 ha
  • 100-500 ha
  • 500-1,000 ha
  • 1,000-10,000 ha
  • > 10,000 ha
Is this considered small-, medium- or large-scale (referring to local context)?
  • small-scale
  • medium-scale

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:
  • individual, titled
Land use rights:
  • individual
Water use rights:
  • communal (organized)
Are land use rights based on a traditional legal system?

Yes

Specify:

Escritura Publica y privada

Comments:

Derechos de uso de la tierra de manera Individual

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

health:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
education:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
technical assistance:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
employment (e.g. off-farm):
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
markets:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
energy:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
roads and transport:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good
financial services:
  • poor
  • moderate
  • good

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

crop production

decreased
increased

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

slightly positive

Long-term returns:

slightly positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

  • 11-50%
Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 0-10%

6.6 Adaptation

Has the Technology been modified recently to adapt to changing conditions?

No

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
Es una tecnologia muy barata, de fácil aplicación, no contamina y previene enfermedades en los cultivos
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
Mejora las propiedades físicas del suelo ya que se incorporan los minerales al mismo

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
La disponibilidad del producto en el mercado local sobre todo el azufre
Requiere de mano de obra para la preparacion
La dosificación incorrecta del producto, puede causar toxicidad en el suelo
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
Requiere de un plan de aplicación del producto, para obtener buenos resultados en los cultivos
La falta de apropiación de la tecnología en los demás miembros de la familia y trabajadores responsables de las unidades de producción

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

  • field visits, field surveys

3

  • interviews with land users

4

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

21/03/2019

Comments:

Se realizo una entrevista directa a una mujer usuaria de la tierra

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Agricultura orgánica Jairo Restrepo

URL:

wwwagriculturaorganica

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