1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of project which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.4 Declaration on sustainability of the described Technology

Is the Technology described here problematic with regard to land degradation, so that it cannot be declared a sustainable land management technology?

No

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

IPPM reduces the negative impact wrought by pesticides on the environment (wildlife, water, soil) and on humankind

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Integrated Production and Pest Management (IPPM) curbs the environmental degradation caused by current farming practices (intensive and extensive), reducing the negative impact wrought by pesticides on the environment (wildlife, water, soil) and on humankind. IPPM promotes the adoption of farming practices that are as respectful of the environment as they are productive and profitable.

Purpose of the Technology: IPPM works with all available techniques for combatting pests, while keeping pesticide use at economically justified levels. It reduces risks to human and animal health and to the environment. It is put into practice in farmer field schools (FFSs).

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: Implementation: Men and women farmers are informed about the harmful effects of pesticide use. A group of local farmers are offered the opportunity to form a farmer field school led by a facilitator (with 25 farmers in each FFS group). The weekly sessions of the FFS focus on studying the presence
of insects and diseases and the condition of plants. The results are recorded in a study-findings logbook. Biopesticides like neem extract are used and their effectiveness is studied. Operation: Setting the critical thresholds for pest infestation of crops and evaluating the treatments required; Composing and applying pesticides according to the level of infestation.
Roles of the actors involved: Producers participate in the FFS and apply the techniques on their lands. Technical services provide training in good farming practices and link up the plant-disease and insect experts with the FFS facilitators. Research institutions make their plant-disease and insect experts available and train up the technical services.

Natural / human environment: Implementation locations: All regions throughout Mali. On going for around 12 years. This technique is particularly popular with farmers. Trained facilitators and farming advisors are available.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Mali

Region/ State/ Province:

Mali

Map

×

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• 10-50 years ago

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• reduce, prevent, restore land degradation
• preserve/ improve biodiversity
• create beneficial social impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

• Annual cropping

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 120, Longest growing period from month to month: August-November

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): environmental degradation caused by current farming practices (intensive and extensive)

3.4 Water supply

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• mixed rainfed-irrigated

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• integrated pest and disease management (incl. organic agriculture)

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

management measures

• M7: Others

Comments:

Specification of other management measures: combatting pests

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

biological degradation

• Bp: increase of pests/ diseases, loss of predators

Comments:

Main causes of degradation: soil management (Unadapted landuse methods, reduced or abandoned fallow periods), crop management (annual, perennial, tree/shrub) (negative impact of pesticides, neglect of fallow periods and crop rotation), droughts (due to heat waves), population pressure (rapidly growing population increasing pressure on land), land tenure (insecure access to land and collectively managed communal land), poverty / wealth (very poor population)

Secondary causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (deforestation through overgrazing and fire wood collection), over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (firewood collection), overgrazing (cattle, sheep and goats), change in temperature (Climate change: heat waves), change of seasonal rainfall (more variable onset of rain), Heavy / extreme rainfall (intensity/amounts) (more variable and intensive rains), wind storms / dust storms (frequent storms), floods (due to intensive rain storms), labour availability (some migration of men to nearby cities), education, access to knowledge and support services (high level of illiteracy)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• prevent land degradation
• reduce land degradation

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Medium
Soil drainage/infiltration: Medium and poor
Soil water storage capacity: Medium

5.4 Water availability and quality

Comments and further specifications on water quality and quantity:

Availability of surface water: Also poor/ none

5.5 Biodiversity

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: < 10 persons/km2
Annual population growth: 2% - 3%
10% of the land users are rich.
50% of the land users are average wealthy.
30% of the land users are poor.
10% of the land users are poor.

5.7 Average area of land used by land users applying the Technology

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Comments:

The irrigated area is allocated by the chief

5.9 Access to services and infrastructure

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Water availability and quality

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Biodiversity: vegetation, animals

Climate and disaster risk reduction

6.3 Exposure and sensitivity of the Technology to gradual climate change and climate-related extremes/ disasters (as perceived by land users)

Gradual climate change

Gradual climate change

Climate-related extremes (disasters)

Meteorological disasters

Climatological disasters

Hydrological disasters

Other climate-related consequences

Other climate-related consequences

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

Comments:

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Implementation locations: All regions throughout Mail.
Scope of application: All farmed basins.
Duration of application: On going for around 12 years

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

7.2 References to available publications

Title, author, year, ISBN:

Annual reports for 2010, 2011 and 2012 – IPPM/DNA

7.3 Links to relevant online information

Title/ description:

Manual of Good Practices in Small Scale Irrigation in the Sahel. Experiences from Mali. Published by GIZ in 2014.

URL:

http://star-www.giz.de/starweb/giz/pub/servlet.starweb