Technologies

Tree farming [Uganda]

technologies_988 - Uganda

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Completeness: 61%

1. General information

1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Key resource person(s)

SLM specialist:
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SLM specialist:

Okotel William

Ministry of Agriculture, animal industry and fishery (MAAIF)

Uganda

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1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2. Description of the SLM Technology

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

the SWC technology entails growing of markhamia lutea trees like food crops involving application of manure and mulch.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Markhamia lutea are grown in lines in the homestead. They are mulched, prunned and organic manures applied. After 2-3 yrs, harvesting of poles can commerce.

Purpose of the Technology: for addition source of income, windbreak, poles for construction and firewood.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The trees are free seedlings. Wildlings are picked and planted in rows. They are raised in a nursery before transplanting.

Natural / human environment: technology is located in a semi arid area. It is vegetative involving trees. Soils are sandy loams and are shallow.

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

Country:

Uganda

Region/ State/ Province:

Kumi

Further specification of location:

Kumi

Specify the spread of the Technology:
  • evenly spread over an area
If precise area is not known, indicate approximate area covered:
  • 1-10 km2
Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 10 km2.

technology used by other farmers

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2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:
  • more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:
  • as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)
Comments (type of project, etc.):

farmers own intiative, bulding on traditional knowledge

3. Classification of the SLM Technology

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

  • create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Cropland

Cropland

  • Annual cropping
  • Perennial (non-woody) cropping
  • Tree and shrub cropping
  • Markhamia lutea
Number of growing seasons per year:
  • 2
Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 90 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Jun Second longest growing period in days: 85 Second longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Nov

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): declining soil fertility, inadequate rainfall, wind erosion, small land sizes, pest and diseases

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): deforestation, decline in productivity, wind erosion

3.5 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

  • windbreak/ shelterbelt
  • improved ground/ vegetation cover

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

soil erosion by wind

soil erosion by wind

  • Et: loss of topsoil
chemical soil deterioration

chemical soil deterioration

  • Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content (not caused by erosion)
Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:
  • reduce land degradation

4. Technical specifications, implementation activities, inputs, and costs

4.1 Technical drawing of the Technology

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Technical specifications (related to technical drawing):

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: increase of surface roughness

Secondary technical functions: increase in organic matter, wind-break

Vegetative measure: tree planting in rows
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 5000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: markhamia lutes

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

4.3 Establishment activities

Activity Timing (season)
1. clearing site, land preparation dry season
2. planting of seedling, tending of seedling rainy season
3. manuring beginning of rainy season

4.4 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Labour ha 1.0 200.0 200.0 100.0
Equipment Tools ha 1.0 10.0 10.0 100.0
Plant material Seedlings ha 1.0 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology 230.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology in USD 230.0
Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.5 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

Activity Timing/ frequency
1. Application of manure from Kraal beginning of rains / each cropping season
2. Beginning of rainy season dry season/each cropping season
3. Application of manure rainy season /each cropping season
4. Mulching end of rainy season /each cropping season

4.6 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Specify input Unit Quantity Costs per Unit Total costs per input % of costs borne by land users
Labour Labour ha 1.0 1685.0 1685.0 100.0
Equipment Tools ha 1.0 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology 1695.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology in USD 1695.0
Comments:

Machinery/ tools: hoes, knives

area/size of the planted area

4.7 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

labour especially for land preparation, hole digging and planting trees

5. Natural and human environment

5.1 Climate

Annual rainfall
  • < 250 mm
  • 251-500 mm
  • 501-750 mm
  • 751-1,000 mm
  • 1,001-1,500 mm
  • 1,501-2,000 mm
  • 2,001-3,000 mm
  • 3,001-4,000 mm
  • > 4,000 mm
Agro-climatic zone
  • semi-arid

5.2 Topography

Slopes on average:
  • flat (0-2%)
  • gentle (3-5%)
  • moderate (6-10%)
  • rolling (11-15%)
  • hilly (16-30%)
  • steep (31-60%)
  • very steep (>60%)
Landforms:
  • plateau/plains
  • ridges
  • mountain slopes
  • hill slopes
  • footslopes
  • valley floors
Altitudinal zone:
  • 0-100 m a.s.l.
  • 101-500 m a.s.l.
  • 501-1,000 m a.s.l.
  • 1,001-1,500 m a.s.l.
  • 1,501-2,000 m a.s.l.
  • 2,001-2,500 m a.s.l.
  • 2,501-3,000 m a.s.l.
  • 3,001-4,000 m a.s.l.
  • > 4,000 m a.s.l.

5.3 Soils

Soil depth on average:
  • very shallow (0-20 cm)
  • shallow (21-50 cm)
  • moderately deep (51-80 cm)
  • deep (81-120 cm)
  • very deep (> 120 cm)
Soil texture (topsoil):
  • medium (loamy, silty)
Topsoil organic matter:
  • low (<1%)
If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Low

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Off-farm income:
  • > 50% of all income
Relative level of wealth:
  • average
  • rich
Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

Off-farm income specification: the user is a civil servant

6. Impacts and concluding statements

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

wood production

decreased
increased
Income and costs

farm income

decreased
increased

workload

increased
decreased
Comments/ specify:

Hindered farm operations

Socio-cultural impacts

Aestethic value

decreased
increased

Ecological impacts

Soil

soil cover

reduced
improved

soil loss

increased
decreased
Climate and disaster risk reduction

wind velocity

increased
decreased
Other ecological impacts

Modification of the environment

decreased
increased

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

wind transported sediments

increased
reduced

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?
Short-term returns:

positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?
Short-term returns:

very positive

Long-term returns:

very positive

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

50 % of area stated

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?
  • 11-50%
Comments:

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

70 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: national campaign, farmer to farmer interraction

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
multiple benefits

How can they be sustained / enhanced? train them
easy to establish and maintain
Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
easy to establish

How can they be sustained / enhanced? empowering landusers with technical skills of nursery establishment and management
easy to maintain
multiple benefits

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view How can they be overcome?
land cannot be used for other puposes
Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view How can they be overcome?
not fit for small parcels of land intergrate into cropping system

7. References and links

7.1 Methods/ sources of information

Links and modules

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