1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

19/06/2001

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

1.5 Reference to Questionnaire(s) on SLM Approaches

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

The comprehensive measures including interplanting & intercropping are applied in the small watershed to control soil and water loss and improve integrated production.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Based on the national conditions and soil and water loss in the area, the corresponding SWC measures were adopted to pursue the targets including: 1. Closing the hilly and mountain area of 224ha for the timber forest and grass growing as well as preventing soil and water loss; 2. Adjusting the land use structure so as to strengthen the comprehensive development of the hilly land as well as crop land irrigation; 3. Changing the area of W & S loss to economic vegetation land; 4. Constructing reservoirs and roads.

2.3 Photos of the Technology

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• less than 10 years ago (recently)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• through projects/ external interventions

Comments (type of project, etc.):

Based on the long term experiences of the mass's practice in SWC, the SWC specialists innovated through guidance, design and implementation of local water & soil conservation.

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• protect a watershed/ downstream areas – in combination with other Technologies

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): The layout of vegetation is not rational. The traffic is not convenient.

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): Lack of new species and SWC technique. Hopefully more funds could be supported from government.

Grazingland comments: Reclaiming fish pools area of 5.6 ha, stall breeding chicken, duck etc.

Problems / comments regarding forest use: Planting young bamboo in the sparse woodland (about 135 ha) in the western watershed and planting lotus after deforesting the woodland (36.7 ha) in the southwestern watershed as well as changing the adult tea gardens to afforest in the northeast watershed.

Forest products and services: timber, grazing / browsing, nature conservation / protection


Type of grazing system comments: Reclaiming fish pools area of 5.6 ha, stall breeding chicken, duck etc.

3.3 Further information about land use

Water supply for the land on which the Technology is applied:

• rainfed

Comments:

Water supply also mixed rainfed-irrigated

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 1

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 365Longest growing period from month to month: Jan - Dec

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• surface water management (spring, river, lakes, sea)

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 5.93 m2.

Xinxili small watershed is located in southern Zhenghe county. It belongs to administration of Jiefang village of Xiongshan town including three villages. The area of the watershed is about 606 ha. The weather in the region is sub-tropical monsoon climate with artificial vegetation. The soil type is red soil.

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

Comments:

Type of agronomic measures: mixed cropping / intercropping, mulching, minimum tillage, contour tillage

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Wt: loss of topsoil / surface erosion

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Wg: gully erosion / gullying, Et: loss of topsoil, Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content, Ha: aridification

Main causes of degradation: deforestation / removal of natural vegetation (incl. forest fires) (population increasing and lack of fuel), poverty / wealth (Lack of captial: Low living standard of the local people and lack of funds.)

Secondary causes of degradation: over-exploitation of vegetation for domestic use (neglecting ecological benefit, overfelling forest), other natural causes (avalanches, volcanic eruptions, mud flows, highly susceptible natural resources, extreme topography, etc.) specify (Sandy and loose red soil.)

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: moderate

Technical knowledge required for land users: moderate

Main technical functions: improvement of ground cover, Improvement of soil structure

Secondary technical functions: control of dispersed runoff: impede / retard, control of concentrated runoff: retain / trap

Mixed cropping / intercropping
Remarks: Intercropping/mixed cropping

Mulching
Material/ species: Straw
Quantity/ density: all crop a
Remarks: strips

Trees/ shrubs species: fir, bamboo, horsetail pine,

Fruit trees / shrubs species: pear, loquat, peach, greengage

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 25.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is (see figure below): 20.00%

Gradient along the rows / strips: 20.00%

Construction material (earth): With some stone

Slope (which determines the spacing indicated above): 35.00%

If the original slope has changed as a result of the Technology, the slope today is: 25.00%

Lateral gradient along the structure: 60.00%

For water harvesting: the ratio between the area where the harvested water is applied and the total area from which water is collected is: 1:10.00

4.3 General information regarding the calculation of inputs and costs

Specify currency used for cost calculations:

• US Dollars

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	closing mountain to afforest	Vegetative	1990
2.	planting bamboo	Vegetative	1990
3.	bamboo forest cultivated	Vegetative	1990
4.	changing farmland to forest	Vegetative	1990
5.	planting fruit trees	Vegetative	1990
6.	Building sluice dams	Structural	1990
7.	road constructing	Structural	1990

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 72 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	fertilizing	Vegetative	1990-1999 /3
2.	cleaning out ruderal	Vegetative	1990-1999 /2
3.	Preventing and curing illness and insect pests	Vegetative	1990-1999 /3
4.	Broadening road	Structural	1995/timely
5.	highway maintenance	Structural	1995/timely

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

Comments:

Size of the variable structural measures and areas of grass planting.

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

Because mechanic machines are not available, more labor forces are needed costing much. In addition, the expense for seeding, fertilizer, flagstone used in building dams take most of the total fees.

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

soil texture: granite and fiber rock

Soil fertility: medium

Soil drainage / infiltration: good

Soil water storage capacity: high

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 50-100 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 0.5% - 1%

and own 2% of the land.
and own 2% of the land.
and own 72% of the land.
and own 10% of the land.
and own 8% of the land.

Off-farm income specification: The benefit of SWC implementation is about 1.03 million US dollars. Among them, 257,289 US Dollars from the agricultural production, 145,301 USD from the forest industry and 286,746 USD from others.

5.8 Land ownership, land use rights, and water use rights

Land ownership:

• state

Land use rights:

• individual

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Ecological impacts

Water cycle/ runoff

Soil

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

• more than 50%

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

510 households

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 10-50%

Comments:

80% of land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

410 land user families have adopted the Technology with external material support

Comments on acceptance with external material support: estimates

20% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

100 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a moderate trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: Even without fund support, rich land users could gain added income from the implementation of SWC technique.