1.2 Contact details of resource persons and institutions involved in the assessment and documentation of the Technology

Name of the institution(s) which facilitated the documentation/ evaluation of the Technology (if relevant)

Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry, and Fisheries of Uganda (MAAIF) - Uganda

1.3 Conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT

When were the data compiled (in the field)?

18/04/2000

The compiler and key resource person(s) accept the conditions regarding the use of data documented through WOCAT:

Yes

2.1 Short description of the Technology

Definition of the Technology:

the SWC technology entails growing of markhamia lutea trees like food crops involving application of manure and mulch.

2.2 Detailed description of the Technology

Description:

Markhamia lutea are grown in lines in the homestead. They are mulched, prunned and organic manures applied. After 2-3 yrs, harvesting of poles can commerce.

Purpose of the Technology: for addition source of income, windbreak, poles for construction and firewood.

Establishment / maintenance activities and inputs: The trees are free seedlings. Wildlings are picked and planted in rows. They are raised in a nursery before transplanting.

Natural / human environment: technology is located in a semi arid area. It is vegetative involving trees. Soils are sandy loams and are shallow.

2.5 Country/ region/ locations where the Technology has been applied and which are covered by this assessment

2.6 Date of implementation

If precise year is not known, indicate approximate date:

• more than 50 years ago (traditional)

2.7 Introduction of the Technology

Specify how the Technology was introduced:

• as part of a traditional system (> 50 years)

Comments (type of project, etc.):

farmers own intiative, bulding on traditional knowledge

3.1 Main purpose(s) of the Technology

• create beneficial economic impact

3.2 Current land use type(s) where the Technology is applied

Comments:

Major land use problems (compiler’s opinion): declining soil fertility, inadequate rainfall, wind erosion, small land sizes, pest and diseases

Major land use problems (land users’ perception): deforestation, decline in productivity, wind erosion

3.3 Further information about land use

Number of growing seasons per year:

• 2

Specify:

Longest growing period in days: 90 Longest growing period from month to month: Mar - Jun Second longest growing period in days: 85 Second longest growing period from month to month: Sep - Nov

3.4 SLM group to which the Technology belongs

• windbreak/ shelterbelt
• improved ground/ vegetation cover

3.5 Spread of the Technology

Specify the spread of the Technology:

• evenly spread over an area

If the Technology is evenly spread over an area, indicate approximate area covered:

• 1-10 km2

Comments:

Total area covered by the SLM Technology is 10 m2.

technology used by other farmers

3.6 SLM measures comprising the Technology

3.7 Main types of land degradation addressed by the Technology

Comments:

Main type of degradation addressed: Et: loss of topsoil

Secondary types of degradation addressed: Cn: fertility decline and reduced organic matter content

3.8 Prevention, reduction, or restoration of land degradation

Specify the goal of the Technology with regard to land degradation:

• reduce land degradation

4.2 Technical specifications/ explanations of technical drawing

Technical knowledge required for field staff / advisors: high

Technical knowledge required for land users: low

Main technical functions: increase of surface roughness

Secondary technical functions: increase in organic matter, wind-break

Vegetative measure: tree planting in rows
Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs
Number of plants per (ha): 5000
Vertical interval between rows / strips / blocks (m): 0.1
Spacing between rows / strips / blocks (m): 2
Width within rows / strips / blocks (m): 1

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Vegetative measure: Vegetative material: T : trees / shrubs

Trees/ shrubs species: markhamia lutes

Gradient along the rows / strips: 0.00%

4.4 Establishment activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing
1.	clearing site, land preparation	Vegetative	dry season
2.	planting of seedling, tending of seedling	Vegetative	rainy season
3.	manuring	Vegetative	beginning of rainy season

4.5 Costs and inputs needed for establishment

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	200.0	200.0	100.0
Equipment	Tools	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
Plant material	Seedlings	ha	1.0	20.0	20.0	100.0
Total costs for establishment of the Technology					230.0

Comments:

Duration of establishment phase: 12 month(s)

4.6 Maintenance/ recurrent activities

	Activity	Type of measure	Timing/ frequency
1.	Application of manure from Kraal	Agronomic	beginning of rains / each cropping season
2.	Beginning of rainy season	Vegetative	dry season/each cropping season
3.	Application of manure	Vegetative	rainy season /each cropping season
4.	Mulching	Vegetative	end of rainy season /each cropping season

4.7 Costs and inputs needed for maintenance/ recurrent activities (per year)

	Specify input	Unit	Quantity	Costs per Unit	Total costs per input	% of costs borne by land users
Labour	Labour	ha	1.0	1685.0	1685.0	100.0
Equipment	Tools	ha	1.0	10.0	10.0	100.0
Total costs for maintenance of the Technology					1695.0

Comments:

Machinery/ tools: hoes, knives

area/size of the planted area

4.8 Most important factors affecting the costs

Describe the most determinate factors affecting the costs:

labour especially for land preparation, hole digging and planting trees

5.1 Climate

5.2 Topography

5.3 Soils

If available, attach full soil description or specify the available information, e.g. soil type, soil PH/ acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, nitrogen, salinity etc.

Soil fertility: Low
Soil drainage/infiltration: Good
Soil water storage capacity: Low

5.6 Characteristics of land users applying the Technology

Indicate other relevant characteristics of the land users:

Population density: 100-200 persons/km2

Annual population growth: 3% - 4%

Off-farm income specification: the user is a civil servant

6.1 On-site impacts the Technology has shown

Socio-economic impacts

Production

Income and costs

Socio-cultural impacts

Ecological impacts

Soil

Climate and disaster risk reduction

Other ecological impacts

6.2 Off-site impacts the Technology has shown

6.4 Cost-benefit analysis

How do the benefits compare with the establishment costs (from land users’ perspective)?

How do the benefits compare with the maintenance/ recurrent costs (from land users' perspective)?

6.5 Adoption of the Technology

If available, quantify (no. of households and/ or area covered):

50 % of area stated

Of all those who have adopted the Technology, how many have did so spontaneously, i.e. without receiving any material incentives/ payments?

• 10-50%

Comments:

30% of land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

70 land user families have adopted the Technology without any external material support

Comments on spontaneous adoption: estimates

There is a strong trend towards spontaneous adoption of the Technology

Comments on adoption trend: national campaign, farmer to farmer interraction

6.7 Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities of the Technology

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the land user’s view
multiple benefits How can they be sustained / enhanced? train them
easy to establish and maintain

Strengths/ advantages/ opportunities in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view
easy to establish How can they be sustained / enhanced? empowering landusers with technical skills of nursery establishment and management
easy to maintain
multiple benefits

6.8 Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks of the Technology and ways of overcoming them

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the land user’s view	How can they be overcome?
land cannot be used for other puposes

Weaknesses/ disadvantages/ risks in the compiler’s or other key resource person’s view	How can they be overcome?
not fit for small parcels of land	intergrate into cropping system