Breve descripción de la práctica óptima

Sustainable Ground Water Management through reducing pumping of the ground water to the extent of recharge. was integral part of the cropping system. The net effect of natural groundwater recharge conditions and demand side management of groundwater was visualized through static water level in the monitoring wells. Changing cropping patterns with low water requiring crops was the most crucial issue. Need based watering at critical stages of crop growth, check basin, sprinklers and drips methods in place of flooding Soil moisture conservation practices such as leveling, mulching, weeding, intercultural etc. Artificial groundwater recharge by trapping flash floods in abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind check dams, percolation pond and recharge structures.|

Lugar

Nandyal, Distt. Karnool, Andhra Pradesh |

Breve descripción del entorno natural en el lugar especificado

Level land with less than 1-3% slope
Heavy soils , Vertisols with more than 30- 35% clay
Semi- arid,receiving 650 to 800 mm annual rainfall|

Condiciones socioeconómicas imperantes de los habitantes del lugar o las proximidades

Main income sources; are Agriculture and related activities, Agricultural labor, Dairying, Vegetable cultivation. |
Many owe their land  and a few have taken land on lease from big farmers.
Farmers are poor and majority of them are below poverty line.

¿En base de qué criterios o indicadores (no relacionados con la Estrategia) se ha considerado la práctica propuesta y la tecnología correspondiente como ‘óptima’?

Sustainable ground water management is mitigation strategy for combating DLDD. Ground water is the sole source of drinking water for survival. The practice will improve livelihood of the poor farmers. It will help improving land cover and carbon sequestration.

Principales problemas que trata la práctica óptima

1. Sustainable ground water management
2. Sustainable productivity of food and  fodder crops
3. Combating DLDD
4. Sustainable livelihood of the people

Explique los problemas específicos de la degradación de las tierras que trata la práctica óptima.

Addresses rapid depletion of ground water important for combating drought and desertification, which are main causes of land degradation in dry lands. |

Especifique los objetivos de la práctica óptima.

1. Impart drought proofing to the area
2. Sustainability productivity from dry lands
3. Offers livelihood to the affected people
4. Rehabilitation  of degraded lands

Breve descripción de las principales actividades, por objetivo

1. Changing cropping patterns with low water requiring crops
2. Training modules dealing with water management, Integrated water management, Vermi-composting and pest control .
3. Improved varieties and farming practices
1. Ground water recharge by trapping flash floods in abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind check dams, percolation pond and recharge structures.
2. Restriction on sanction of unlimited number of tube wells.
3. Ground Water Budgeting and Matching Crop planning
1. Reducing pumping of the ground water to the extent of recharge.
2. Dissemination of groundwater information and Farmers decision making
3. Utilization of Indigenous as well as improved technology
1. Provides income for improved  livelihood of people
2. Mitigation of deteriorating ground water conditions
3. Prevents out migration due to degradation of land/water

Breve descripción y especificaciones técnicas de la tecnología

Participatory hydrological monitoring by stakeholders. For Ground Water Budgeting and Matching Crop planning a rigorous net work was created by farmers to monitor daily rainfall, stream-flows, fortnightly water levels, and bore well discharge to provide real time data to community for planning judicious use of available ground water. Efficient water management practices both Indigenous as well as improved were utilized in the implementation of the program. Innovative approach of behavioral changes of users. Dissemination of groundwater information and farmer decision making.|

Nombre y dirección de la institución que desarrolla la tecnología

Andhra Pradesh Farmer’s Manage Ground Water System (APFAMGS), Bharti Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS)|Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)

¿La tecnología se desarrolló en una alianza?

Sí

enumere los asociados:

1. Andhra Pradesh Goverrnment,
2. Bharti Integrated Rural Development Society
3. Farmers Community
4. Food and Agriculture Organization

Especifique el marco en el que se promovió la tecnología

• Otro (especifique)

Especifique:

The project was conceived through FAO support in collaboration with National Government and NGO.

¿La participación de interesados locales, incluidas las organizaciones de la sociedad civil, favoreció el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

enumere los interesados participantes:

1. All the stakeholders participated  
2. A federation of NGOs led by BIRDS was responsible for designing and execution of  program
3. Interaction with National program at district level

Detalle la función de los interesados enumerados anteriormente en cuanto a diseño, introducción, uso y mantenimiento de la tecnología, en su caso.

Participatory hydrological monitoring by stakeholders, Management Committees and their Federations at Hydrologic Unit Network level. This group was also responsible for maintenance of the field installations.|

¿La población que habitaba en el lugar o en las proximidades participó en el desarrollo de la tecnología?

Sí

¿de qué manera?

• Planteamientos basados en la participación
• Otro (especifique)

Especifique:

Trainings

Describa los impactos in situ (los dos principales impactos por categoría).

A few tractors, bullock drawn seed drills, threshers and rain guns were made available in the village, which could be utilized by the farmers on custom hire basis. |
An unique knowledge based approach for mobilization of community.
The high water requiring crops such as paddy, sugarcane, groundnut and cotton have been almost replaced by red gram, Okhra, green gram and short duration variety (TGA37) of ground nut.|
A Shift from flood irrigation of crops to check basins, conservation furrow irrigation, sprinklers, drips and rain guns for spray of pesticides |
Improvement in land cover as well as biomass production helped carbon sequestration and off site impacts.
Peoples’ Institution, mutually Aided Cooperative Societies have been formed, which are acting as ground water monitoring committees.|
Improvement of ground water situation and drinking water facilities to people in dry areas.

Describa los dos principales impactos fuera del lugar (por ejemplo, que no se registran en el lugar, pero sí en las zonas próximas).

Improvement in land cover has improved carbon sequestration having off site impact and global impacts
Dissemination of the model to other areas

Impacto en la diversidad biológica y el cambio climático

Justifíquelo:

Improvement of land cover and biomass production improves soil biota and the biodiversity of drylands. Since there is higher carbon sequestration it would also effect the climate change. Drought proofing will act as preventive measure for land degradation.

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio?

¿Se ha elaborado un análisis costo-beneficio? :

No

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares?

¿La tecnología se difundió o introdujo en otros lugares? :

Sí

¿Dónde? :

It has proved successful in seven districts of Andhra Pradesh in India

¿Se dispuso de incentivos para facilitar la aceptación de la tecnología proporcionada?

¿Se dispuso de incentivos para facilitar la aceptación de la tecnología proporcionada?

Sí

Especifique qué tipo de incentivos:

• Incentivos políticos o reglamentarios (por ejemplo, relacionados con los requisitos y las regulaciones del mercado, importación o exportación, inversión extranjera, ayudas para la investigación y el desarrollo, etc.)
• Incentivos financieros (por ejemplo, tasas preferenciales, ayudas estatales, subvenciones, donaciones, garantías de préstamo, etc.)
• Incentivos fiscales (por ejemplo, exención o reducción de los impuestos, obligaciones fiscales, gravámenes, etc.)

¿Puede identificar las tres principales condiciones para el éxito de la práctica óptima/tecnología presentada?

Replicable elsewhere with some level of adaptation;
Highly motivation of Stakeholders, farmers and their organization in to well structured  groups and cooperatives|
Replicable elsewhere with major adaptation

Replicabilidad

¿En su opinión, la práctica óptima/la tecnología que ha propuesto se puede reproducir en cualquier otro lugar con un cierto nivel de adaptación?

Sí

¿A qué nivel?

• Local
• Subnacional
• Nacional

En relación con los recursos humanos

1. Knowledge based approach is the best way to convince communities if they learn while doing the activity
2. Group actions in participatory mode are powerful tool to combat the ground water situations  
3. Indigenous as well innovative techniques were helpful in addressing the issues of ground water management.

En relación con los aspectos técnicos

1. The core message of the project is the demystification of science  and discerning otherwise invisible issues in an easy understandable language to mobilize masses
2. Empowering communities with skills and knowledge to collect, collate, understand implications of their actions and triggering discussions on possible options and initiating safe guard actions at the village level.  
3.Information based decision making goes a long way in addressing even the otherwise complicated issues