1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Kathmandu University (KU) - Nepal

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Green manure-It is a way of adding nutrients and organic matters to soil by incorporating green manure plants which include both leguminous or non-leguminous plants. Sesbania, also known as Dhaincha, i.e. a diverse and versatile genus belonging to the family Fabaceae,which is soft,woody,annual or short lived perennial;primarily used as green manure between rice crops or as an intercrop in transplanted rice.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: -Leguminous green plants like Sesbania can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the form that plant can use.
-It helps to improve the soil structure as incorporating it into the soil adds organic matterr (biomass).
-The Sesbania species has high water-logging tolerance which prevents the crop from losing its nutrient content.

Methods: In nepal,institutions like NARC and research programs like Rice Research program has actively promoted Sesbania species. Dr. Bhola man singh basnet of Nepal Agriculture Research council(NARC),khumaltar has extensively carried out his research on green manure using Sesbania, which is called locally as Dhaincha.
The Hardinath Agriculture Farm in Dhanusha,now National Rice Research Program, practiced Sesbania cannabina, dhaincha as pre-rice manure annually in 20 ha for more than 20 years.
Green manure technique is an indigenous practice mainly in the foothills, middle mountains region and central terai of nepal-dhanusha,parsa,bara and Rautahat district.


Stages of implementation: Sesbania is sown before rice is planted.Sow the Sesbania seed densly and lightly cover the seed with soil.Sesbania will grow faster if the soil is kept moist.After 4-6 weeks sesbania will be 18-36 inches tall at ground level and plough in as the paddy are prepared for planting rice.
Seed production process;
Transplant a few of the largest,thickest,healthiest plant into the edges of paddy space at 2 metre intervals along the terrace edges.Seed will be ready after 6 -7 months.This can be used as seed for green manure next year.

Role of stakeholders: Government;
-Institutional roles; NARC, HAF -DDC-Municipality-VDC
Private sectors;
-Desigining policies.

Other important information: -Sesbania species can be grown even under adverse conditions of drought,waterlogging,salinity,etc.
-optimum time of Daincha seed production is the middle of March until the end of May .
-Experiment conducted at several research stataions showed that green manureing with dhaincha in rice increased the grain yields by about 20-25 percent(Pre rice green manure-a success story,B.H.S Basnet,NARC)

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• tradicional/ local

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Sesbania species increases nutrient content of the soil,due to its water logging tolerance and also increases the fertility,biomass production in the fields as well as nitrogen content of the soil by fixing large amount of Nitrogen.)

-Increase the nutrient in the soil due to its water logging tolerance and thus increases the fertility and productivity.
-Also reduce the need of artificial fertilizers

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: Low knowledge about the green manuring among people because of which they were lured towards more use of particles and fertilizers.
Lack of improved seeds of green manure(plants).

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	auto-movilización	Farmers
planificación	interactivo	Involvement of individuals (farmers) at the begining.Gradually supported by many institutions.
implementación	auto-movilización	Sesbania is a local species available in Nepal since 1960 and used as green manure by farmers land users to increase productivity and field of crops.
monitoreo y evaluación	pasivo	Gradual progress and support from government and institutions.
Research	apoyo externo	Research being carried by institutions, on nutrient content and new species of green manure plant.

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• principalmente usuarios de tierras con el apoyo de especialistas MST

Explique:

Green manuring using Dhaincha is an indigenous practice which is currently supported and motivated by many institutions.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). Due to the dissatisfaction by the use of the fertilizers(artifical) land users themselves initiated the approach for better production.

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

No

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Describa/ comentarios:

Name of method used for advisory service: Participatory community-based approach.; Many people including farmers, land users participate,discuss and conclude about the way of practicing of green manuring.

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; Government and institution are the one that make the seeds of green manure plant available to the local farmers.So their contribution and continuation of land conservation activities cannot be neglected.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

• sí, moderadamente

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

• local

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

• construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento

Proporcione detalles adicionales:

Documentation of the approach provide training to the land users about green manure techniques.

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: Nutrients like N,P,K are monitered at a regular basis by and institutioons like NARC,HAF.government land users(farmers)

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: crop yield per hectare.

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: seed varities of sesbian species shows better growth in sandy clay than heavy clay soil. so, the soil type needs to be considered.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

• ecología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

Research was carried out on-farm

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• < 2,000

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

Governmental Aid.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

Comentarios:

Green manure seeds are distributed by the government to the local bodies;from where the seeds are sold to the land users/farmers.

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

Sí

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• sí

Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

Since it is easy and natural method to increase the fertility of the soil,farmers can be benifited..it only requires the basic knowledge about the seasons and seeds(improved) so it can be easily implemented.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra

-if some species of sesbina like Sesbania cannabina are established as an intercrop in rice. -During short Day season,vegetative growth of the plant is reduced due to early flowering. -Many Sesbania species are being over ploited. -Improved seeds of sesbian sp, are costly and this technique requires a lot of labour work, people are in more favour of artificial chemical fertilizers. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: -it can be suppressed by the rice if sown 30-60 days after crop. -These sp. should be sowed in the middle of March to end of vegetables growth. -Attention must be given to the conservation and proper utilization of these important plant species. -Government /local bodies should make it available at cheaper rate and encourage people to revive interest in green manures.)

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
-Increase the fertility of the soil. -it can help to increase the biomass in the soil. -Increases microorganisms and their activity in the soil. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: They can be enhanced if the present trend of exploiting green manuring plants are changed to develop their production on a sustainable basis.)

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Regenerative Agriculture Technologies for the Hill farmers of Nepal,'Nepal Rural Re-construction Association.The Farmers Handbook,'The Field' Ms. Hommaya GurungGreen Manure Production System For Asian Ricelands, J.K Ladha