1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) - Nepal

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research, and Development (LI-BIRD) - Nepal

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

01/03/2013

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Members of a community can work together to help prevent soil erosion and increase productivity by working collectively to establish contour bunds.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: Over generations, the ethnic minorities of Nepal, who practice fireless shifting cultivation, known as 'gujultyaune', have successfully used contour bunding to control soil erosion, promote water retention, and increase crop production. Contour bunding is a proven sustainable land management practice in areas where the soil productivity of marginal, sloping, and hilly lands is very low. While it is both low cost and simple to implement, it does have the drawback that establishing contour bunds is very labour intensive. When members of a community work together to establish contour bunds the whole village can benefit.

Methods: By working collectively, a community can establish contour bunds that will benefit everyone and not individual farmers alone. The first step is to plan a course of action and to select the sites. Members of the community, who are thoroughly familiar with the landscape that the community inhabits, get together to discuss where the contour bunding will be most successful and benefit the greatest number of farmers. This planning phase is best carried out during the dry season before the rains begin. Once the sites are selected, everyone participates in the slashing of materials on the shifting cultivation lands. After the slashed materials have been allowed to dry for some weeks, the community assembles to gather these into rows that will form the bunds. Every member of the community participates according to their ability.

Stages of implementation: The steps for sharing labour to establish contour bunds in a community which practises shifting cultivation can be summarized as follows:
• The community meets to finalize a plan of action.
• Everyone participates in the slashing of shifting cultivation plots.
• The slashed materials are collected and allowed to dry.
• The slashed materials are formed into rows that will constitute the bunds.
• Everyone participates and eventually, the land between the bunds is prepared for the cultivation of crops.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• tradicional/ local

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (increasing crop production)

To increase crop yields and help to prevent soil erosion in communities that practise shifting cultivation by getting the whole community to participate in establishing contour bunds.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main stumbling blocks to this approach are a gap in the sharing of traditional knowledge, lack of the money needed for investment, community conflicts over allocation of resources, and overall poor social cohesiveness.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	auto-movilización	Demand created by the community
planificación	interactivo	Through discussions the whole community is involved in deciding what sites are to be contoured and how the bunding technology is to be implemented.
implementación	auto-movilización	The whole community is involved in planning the sites, slashing the biomass, and forming the contour bunds.
monitoreo y evaluación	ninguno
Research	ninguno

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• solamente usuarios de tierras (autoiniciativa)

Explique:

The land users themselves decide on the technology during participatory discussions held in the community. This is a bottom-up approach

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by land users* alone (self-initiative / bottom-up). The land users themselves possess traditional knowledge on how the technology should be implemented. Since some farmers have a better grasp of the technology than others, the different methods are discussed and the community as a whole decides what method is to be used.

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

• usuarios de tierras

Forma de capacitación:

• de agricultor a agricultor
• áreas de demostración
• reuniones públicas

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

• no

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

bio-physical aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users regularly monitor the organic matter and moisture content of the soil and establish plants in bunds

technical aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users regularly monitor terrace formation and soil erosion

socio-cultural aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: The community observes and comments on the degree to which contour bunding is implemented

economic / production aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users note crop production and how it affects their cash income

area treated aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: Land users regularly monitor small patches used in shifting cultivation

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by land users through observations; indicators: The whole community participates in observing how many people are involved

management of Approach aspects were regular monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: The whole community participates

There were few changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: Gradually, farmers in other communities are also adopting the same approach

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• < 2,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: national non-government (LI-BIRD): 20.0%; local community / land user(s): 80.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

No

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• sí

Si respondió que sí, describa cómo:

This is a community-based approach; each community formulates its own rules and regulations.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
Effectiveness (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Improve the approach by continuing to work together to design, plan, and implement.)
Increases social cohesiveness (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Continue to work collaboratively)
Decreased workload (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Over time, the group decisions that work best no longer need to be revisited and less time is spent in discussions.)
Quick implementation of sloping land management measures (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: As the group learns to work together they can taking advantage of their synergy to quickly implement new measures.)
Empowerment (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Encourage the community with technical backstopping)

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Some members contribute more than others	Each member of the group needs to be made aware of how they can contribute.

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Indigenous knowledge of farmers in the shifting cultivation areas of Western Nepal, Regmi, BR; Aryal, KP; Subedi, A; Shrestha, PK; Tamang, BB (2001)