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Enfoques
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Regional rural development programme [España]

Programa de desarrollo rural de la región de Murcia (Spanish)

approaches_2419 - España

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1. Información general

1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Persona(s) de referencia clave/s

Especialista MST:
Especialista MST:
Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)
EEZA-CSIC (EEZA-CSIC) - España

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

1.4 Referencia/s al/los Cuestionario(s) de Tecnologías MST

2. Descripción del Enfoque MST

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Regional development programme to protect natural resources and stimulate rural economies.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Aims / objectives: The objective of the Rural Development Programme (RDP) is to assist farmers who have to deal with difficult environmental conditions (drought, steep slopes) to apply sustainable farming practices either in the implementation phase or for maintenance. The programme is carried out to: 1) improve the socio-economic conditions of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment, and 3) prevent on-site and off-site damages caused by land degradation and erosion. To achieve these objectives, the RDP identifies different lines of action: 1) compensate for difficult natural conditions; 2) fight against erosion; 3) reduce farming intensity; and 4) promote ecological agriculture.

Methods: The main method used in the RDP is through subsidies of farming practices following a cross-compliance principle. Each line of action implies a combination of conservation measures that are subsidised, but only when applied in combination. Hence, single conservation measures outside of these lines of action are not subsidies.

Role of stakeholders: The level of the subsidy is based on estimated implementation and maintenance costs and possible loss of productivity caused by the conservation measures. These values were obtained after consultation of various stakeholder groups including farmer organisations with agricultural cooperatives. However, because of limited resources, not all farmers will receive subsidies for the conservation measures. Priority is given to: 1) farmers who have 50% of their land within the Nature 2000 network, a European wide network of protected areas for the preservation of habitats and threatened species; 2) farmers with >50% of their land in unfavourable zones; and 3) farmers who did not receive subsidy in previous RDPs.

Other important information: Furthermore, areas with slopes of more than 20% are not subsidised in this programme since it is recommended that no agriculture takes place in these areas. Instead, reforestation of these areas is subsidised. RDPs are developed for a period of 7 years. Every seven years, a new RDP is defined and priorities and levels of subsidies can change. The present RDP is valid for the period 2007-2013.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

País:

España

Región/ Estado/ Provincia:

Murcia

Especifique más el lugar :

Guadalentín basin, Spain

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

Indique año del inicio:

2007

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

  • proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities (Socio-economic development of rural areas)

1) improve the socio-economic situation of rural areas; 2) prevent land abandonment; and 3) prevent on-site and off-site damage caused by land degradation and erosion.

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: The main problems addressed by the approach are low income and low productivity of farmers in rural areas, subsequent land abandonment, and erosion and land degradation processes causing on-site and off-site damage.

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

normas y valores sociales/ culturales/ religiosos
  • impiden

The problem is not always recognised by everyone and certain practices are cultural.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Information and training by the regional extension services and the agricultural organisations.

disponibilidad/ acceso a recursos y servicios financieros
  • impiden

Many technologies require an investment and maintenance, or even reduce productivity because they occupy land

Treatment through the SLM Approach: A subsidy equal to the loss of productivity and implementation and maintenance costs.

conocimiento de MST, acceso a apoyo técnico
  • impiden

Some technologies require establishment of vegetation cover, which is difficult under arid conditions.

Treatment through the SLM Approach: Advice about which vegetation types to use and subsidy to cover the implementation costs.

3. Participación y roles de las partes interesadas involucradas

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

  • usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales

Farmer organisations (agricultural cooperatives)

Traditionally land users and agricultural activities are dominated by men

The focus of the approach is on the socioeconomic situation of farmers with a relatively low income and under marginal conditions.

  • especialistas MST/consejeros agrícolas

Research institutes

  • gobierno local

regional ministry of agriculture

  • gobierno nacional (planificadores, autoridades)

Part of the subsidies are paid directly by the national government

  • organización internacional

Part of the subsidies are paid through the EU feader programm

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque
Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación auto-movilización Petitions towards policy makers and farmers organizations to pay attention for production under difficult environmental conditions
planificación interactivo Land users were sporadically consulted through farmers organizations and participated in protest meetings against initial versions of the RDP that they considered insufficient regarding payments for the agricultural sector
implementación interactivo Land users implemented SLM technologies themselves with help from technicians of regional government and farmers organisations
monitoreo y evaluación ninguno
Research ninguno

3.3 Flujograma (si estuviera disponible)

Descripción:

To be fit for purpose, since 2007 the RDPs are designed at the regional level using advice from scientific institutes. The boundary conditions regarding the overall environmental and economic objectives and available finances are received from the European and national level. The regional extension services have a role in the dissemination of information and control of correct implementation of measures by farmers.

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:
  • principalmente por especialistas MST en consulta con usuarios de tierras
Explique:

Decisions were made in the regional ministry of agriculture after consultation of researchers and farmer organisations.

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by by politicians / leaders. Politicians have decided the way of subsidising.

4. Apoyo técnico, fortalecimiento institucional y gestión del conocimiento

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Especifique quién fue capacitado:
  • personal de campo/ consejeros
Forma de capacitación:
  • en el contexto de trabajo
  • de agricultor a agricultor
Temas avanzados:

The technical conditions needed for control were explained to technicians. Training to land users was not provided directly, though advice can be obtained through agricultural organisations and extension services.

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:
  • en los campos de los usuarios de tierras
Describa/ comentarios:

Agricultural extension services (Oficina Comarcal Agrari; Key elements: advice, control

Advisory service is inadequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; There is more information and awareness building required for land users. Information is often only available at political/research level and the level of the agricultural cooperatives but not at farm level.

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?
  • sí, un poco
Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:
  • local
Especifique el tipo de apoyo:
  • construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
Proporcione detalles adicionales:

Information to agricultural cooperatives

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Comentarios:

bio-physical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government through measurements; indicators: farm visits, sampling of soils for chemical parameters

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by government through measurements; indicators: farm visits to control the actual implementation of SLM measures

economic / production aspects were ad hoc monitored by land users through measurements; indicators: comparing production between years

area treated aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: farm visits and mapping with GIS tools

no. of land users involved aspects were regular monitored by government through observations; indicators: documentation of all farmers who participate in the subsidy programme

There were several changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation: RDP's are evaluated and redefined every 7 years.

There were several changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation: RDP's are evaluated and redefined every 7 years.

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Especifique los temas:
  • economía/ marketing
  • ecología
  • tecnología
  • geography
Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

Results from national and international research projects of the last decades were used as well as experimental results from regional and national research institutes like the IMIDA and CSIC.

Research was carried out both on station and on-farm

5. Financiamiento y apoyo material externo

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:
  • > 1,000,000
Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international (EU FEADER programme): 41.0%; government: 10.0%; local government (district, county, municipality, village etc): 49.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Si respondió sí, especifique el tipo o los tipos de apoyo, condiciones y proveedor(es) :

Subsidies are provided by the regional ministry, state and EU programmes.

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

  • agrícola
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
semillas parcialmente financiado
fertilizantes totalmente financiado
  • construcción
Especifique qué insumos se subsidiaron En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
piedra totalmente financiado
  • otro
Otro (especifique) En qué grado Especifique los subsidios
productivity loss totalmente financiado

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

6. Análisis de impacto y comentarios de conclusión

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

¿El Enfoque ayudó a los usuarios de tierras a implementar y mantener Tecnologías MST?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Awareness and motivation to apply SLM amongst land users has increased due to the approach.

¿El Enfoque empoderó a grupos en desventaja social y económica?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Because of the approach the economic situation of farmers in marginal areas is slightly improved.

Did other land users / projects adopt the Approach?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

RDPs are developed for all regions in Spain, and need approval from national government and from the EU.

Did the Approach lead to improved livelihoods / human well-being?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Because of the approach the economic situation of farmers is slightly improved.

Did the Approach help to alleviate poverty?
  • No
  • Sí, un poco
  • Sí, moderadamente
  • Sí, mucho

Because of the approach the economic situation of farmers in marginal areas is slightly improved.

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

  • pagos/ subsidios
  • reglas y reglamentos (multas)/ aplicación
  • conciencia medioambiental

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?
  • incierto
Si respondió no o incierto, especifique y comente:

Some of the technologies under the support do not have a high cost (e.g. reduced tillage and ecological agriculture). These can be continued without problems. Other technologies can be more problematic, for example the maintenance of vegetated earthen terraces can be too costly.

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra
All implementation and maintenance costs as well as loss of productivity are subsidised (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: There should be enough funding for all farmers willing to apply the measures, and there should be continuity across RDP’s.)
Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
The approach is an effort to provide an integrated way of how SLM can be achieved. So no separate measures but a complete SLM plan at the farm level. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: Including more measures in the approach.)

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del usuario de la tierra ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
There is a lack of organisation amongst land users Agricultural cooperatives and regional extension services should have a more active role to coordinate activities and communication.
Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave ¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
There is a strong lack of land users participation in the design, implementation and training of the approach Organise stakeholder meetings, information sessions and trainings for land users.
There is a lack of transparency in communication Agricultural cooperatives and regional extension services should have a more active role to coordinate activities and communication.

7. Referencias y vínculos

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

  • visitas de campo, encuestas de campo

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