1.2 Detalles de contacto de las personas de referencia e instituciones involucradas en la evaluación y la documentación del Enfoque

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

HELVETAS (Swiss Intercooperation)

Nombre de la(s) institución(es) que facilitaron la documentación/ evaluación del Enfoque si fuera relevante)

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH (GIZ) - Alemania

1.3 Condiciones referidas al uso de datos documentados mediante WOCAT

¿Cuándo se compilaron los datos (en el campo)?

01/07/2012

El compilador y la/s persona(s) de referencia claves aceptan las condiciones acerca del uso de los datos documentados mediante WOCAT :

Sí

2.1 Breve descripción del Enfoque

Creating models when developing lowland areas encourages the different actors involved to enter into negotiations and participate in decision-making on the design and farming of a lowland area.

2.2 Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST

Descripción detallada del Enfoque MST:

Scale models are an instructional tool that can be used to ensure a common understanding of the characteristics of the lowland area to be developed, give concrete expression to the baseline scenario, and facilitate discussion of the different technical options for the development. Depending on the case at hand, the model shows flooded areas, forested areas, housing, areas given over to pasture or cultivation and the type of scheme that has been chosen with the beneficiaries. Ultimately, a wooden 3D version of the model is produced that is around 80 x 120 centimetres in size. The model is a visual aid that improves communication between the different actors involved and the technical designers during the planning process and development of the lowland area (communities, design agencies and businesses tasked with implementation, etc.). The model is a tool that helps to foster the actors’ ownership of the process, the creation of a shared future vision of the development, and the collaborative management of schemes. It must, however, form part of an overall facilitation approach.
The model is one tool in the toolkit of lowland planning approaches. The process begins with the request by a community and/or local authority for a scheme. A brief for the development scheme is then drawn up jointly by those involved. The project itself starts with a socio-economic study carried out in accordance with the ToR submitted to the community. Approval for the choice of site is obtained in the course of the socio-economic study, which leads into a technical study based on the findings and the summary draft document (SDD). Study findings are fed back to villagers along with the selected scenario. A 3D wooden model is then produced on the basis of the findings and scenario. The other scheme implementation stages are carried out following approval (summary draft document – SDD, drafting of the tender documents – ITD, choice of contractor, works, approval of works completed). The model is subsequently used to move the farming and facility maintenance strategy forward. Two or three village facilitators, who are members of the management committee, are trained in how to handle the model during facilitation sessions.
Stages in creating a model: 1)Sketch mapping (involving farmers) and a topographical survey of the area, 2)Precise order placed with the model maker (specification), 3)Provision of a quote by the model maker setting out the costs of the materials and services required (if necessary, a site visit is carried out with the model maker to work through the paper maps of the lowland area), 4)Conversion of the paper maps to the actual scale of the model, 5)Production of the base unit with the basic relief (boards, plywood), 6)Positioning of the technical features to be installed (facilities, roads, irrigated plots, ponds, etc.) and the addition of decorative elements (houses, trees, livestock), 7)Production of a protective shipping case for the model.
Beneficiaries formulate the request, describe and draw sketch maps of the landscape, and use the model in consultation exercises. The consultancy supports the design process, ensures the quality
of on-paper designs for use in constructing the model, and acts as intermediary between the beneficiaries and the woodworker, particularly in terms of converting scales and proportions. The woodworker creates the model according to the plan.

2.3 Fotos del Enfoque

2.5 País/ región/ lugares donde el Enfoque fue aplicado

2.6 Fechas de inicio y conclusión del Enfoque

2.7 Tipo de Enfoque

• proyecto/ basado en un programa

2.8 Propósitos/ objetivos principales del Enfoque

The Approach focused mainly on SLM with other activities.
Encouraging the different actors to enter into negotiations and participate in decision-making on the design and farming of a lowland areas; reduction of conflicts over farming land

The SLM Approach addressed the following problems: lack of participation of the farming community in the development of lowland areas, conflicts over farming land

2.9 Condiciones que facilitan o impiden la implementación de la/s Tecnología/s aplicadas bajo el Enfoque

3.1 Partes interesadas involucradas en el Enfoque y sus roles

3.2 Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales en las distintas fases del Enfoque

	Involucramiento de los usuarios locales de tierras/ comunidades locales	Especifique quién se involucró y describa las actividades
iniciación/ motivación	pasivo
planificación	interactivo
implementación	interactivo
monitoreo y evaluación	pasivo
Research	pasivo

3.4 La toma de decisiones en la selección de Tecnología(s) MST

Especifique quién decidió la selección de las Tecnología/ Tecnologías a implementarse:

• principalmente por especialistas MST en consulta con usuarios de tierras

Explique:

Decisions on the method of implementing the SLM Technology were made by mainly by SLM specialists with consultation of land users

4.1 Construcción de capacidades / capacitación

¿Se proporcionó la capacitación a usuarios de tierras/ otras partes interesadas?

Sí

Especifique quién fue capacitado:

• usuarios de tierras

Forma de capacitación:

• reuniones públicas
• cursos

Temas avanzados:

Local people need to get to grips with the landscape and know how to orientate themselves in the space. The model maker must be well trained and have expertise in concepts of scale, contours and ‘scale exaggerations’

4.2 Servicio de asesoría

¿Los usuarios de tierras tienen acceso a un servicio de asesoría?

Sí

Especifique si servicio proporcionado se realizó:

• en los campos de los usuarios de tierras

Describa/ comentarios:

Advisory service is quite adequate to ensure the continuation of land conservation activities; the model is facilitated by villagers themselves

4.3 Fortalecimiento institucional (desarrollo institucional)

¿Se establecieron o fortalecieron instituciones mediante el Enfoque?

• sí, moderadamente

Especifique el nivel o los niveles en los que se fortalecieron o establecieron las instituciones:

• local

Especifique el tipo de apoyo:

• construcción de capacidades/ entrenamiento
• equipo

4.4 Monitoreo y evaluación

¿El monitoreo y la evaluación forman parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Comentarios:

technical aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
socio-cultural aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
management of Approach aspects were ad hoc monitored by project staff through observations
There were no changes in the Approach as a result of monitoring and evaluation
There were no changes in the Technology as a result of monitoring and evaluation

4.5 Investigación

¿La investigación formó parte del Enfoque?

Sí

Especifique los temas:

• sociología
• economía/ marketing
• ecología
• tecnología

Proporcione detalles adicionales e indique quién hizo la investigación:

Helvetas - Swiss Intercooperation

5.1 Presupuesto anual para el componente MST del Enfoque

Si no se conoce el presupuesto anual preciso, indique el rango:

• < 2,000

Comentarios (ej. fuentes principales de financiamiento/ donantes principales):

Approach costs were met by the following donors: international non-government: 100.0%

5.2 Apoyo financiero/material proporcionado a los usuarios de tierras

¿Los usuarios de tierras recibieron financiamiento/ apoyo material para implementar la Tecnología/ Tecnologías? :

Sí

5.3 Subsidios para insumos específicos (incluyendo mano de obra)

Si la mano de obra de usuarios de tierras fue un insumo sustancial, ¿fue:

• voluntario?

5.4 Crédito

¿Se proporcionó crédito bajo el Enfoque para actividades MST?

No

6.1 Impactos del Enfoque

6.2 Motivación principal del usuario de la tierra para implementar MST

6.3 Sostenibilidad de las actividades del Enfoque

¿Pueden los usuarios de tierras sostener lo que se implementó mediante el Enfoque (sin apoyo externo)?

• sí

6.4 Fortalezas/ ventajas del Enfoque

Fuerzas/ ventajas/ oportunidades desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave
The results are immediate and manifest as: reduced conflicts over farming the land in question; the immediate visibility of the land pattern and spatial issues; the involvement and motivation of local people in the design process; more inclusive decisions and the initiation of social dialogue on the scheme; an approach that is more engaging and accessible to all – even the shyest people are able to express themselves. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: The approach must be participatory; it should not exclude any sector of society. In this respect, young people and women prove to be very good facilitators, with the model helping them to present the subject matter in a lively and engaging way.)
The model enables stakeholders to interpret the landscape and thus helps them in the decision-making process. It is used in consultation exercises to ensure transparency and consensual management in the implementation and evaluation of the scheme. (How to sustain/ enhance this strength: To use the model, all that is required is for it to be transported to the meeting/facilitation space, removed from its case and placed at table height or even on the ground. The facilitator then introduces the project, indicating the landmarks and cardinal directions. This serves as the basis for discussion. Local people need to get to grips with the landscape and know how to orientate themselves in the space. The model maker must be well trained and have expertise in concepts of scale, contours and ‘scale exaggerations’. They must have an artist’s eye. )
The model is tangible, durable and helps reduce social conflict. It also serves as a support for meetings with visitors. It is facilitated by villagers themselves.

6.5 Debilidades/ desventajas del Enfoque y formas de sobreponerse a ellos

Debilidades/ desventajas/ riesgos desde la perspectiva del compilador o de otra persona de referencia clave	¿Cómo sobreponerse a ellas?
Some experts from technical consultancies have the tendency to take over from the beneficiaries. Other public sector experts move things forward as quickly as possible and fail to take into account villagers’ contributions.	To ensure that people are not left frustrated and, as a result, participate less in the process, it is important to give them the opportunity to express their views.
Modifications may be required once the model is completed. Integrating these corrections can prove difficult (engaging the same provider and carrying out alterations without diminishing the appearance of the model).

7.1 Métodos/ fuentes de información

7.2 Referencias a publicaciones disponibles

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Intercooperation, Délégation au Sahel (n.d.): Capitalisation d’éxperience. Eau, terre, communautés. La maquette pédagogique transportable dans l’aménagement des bas-fonds. Un outil pour les practiciens. [Delegation to the Sahel (n.d.): Capitalising on experiences. Water, land, communities. The portable instructional model for developing lowland schemes. A tool for practitioners.]

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Main_Page

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Intercooperation, Délégation au Sahel (2009): Gestion des ressources naturelles: les acteurs s’engagent pour une gestion concertée et pacifique de leurs resources. [Delegation to the Sahel (2009): Management of natural resources – actors engage in the collaborative and peaceful management of their resources.]

Título, autor, año, ISBN:

Good Practices in Soil and Water Conservation. A contribution to adaptation and farmers´ resilience towards climate change in the Sahel. Published by GIZ in 2012.

¿Dónde se halla disponible? ¿Costo?

http://agrwaterpedia.info/wiki/Main_Page